ReviewTherapeutic advances in infectious disease2013
The host immune response to Clostridium difficile infection.
Review in Therapeutic advances in infectious disease, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modeling Clostridioides difficile toxin pathogenesis and antiserum protection in an immunocompetent intestine-on-chip platform.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of theThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Article
- Xtr-mediated regulation of 4Fe-4S binding protein gene confers resistance to oxidative and antibiotic stress inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Identification of Riboflavin Metabolism Pathway in HepG2 Cells Expressing Genotype IV Swine Hepatitis E Virus ORF3 Protein.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Inhibitory effects of Levilactobacillus brevis IBRC-M10790 on apoptosis and inflammation induced by Clostridioides difficile culture supernatant in vitro.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients with ConcurrentBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Effects of probiotics in elderly hospitalized tube-fed patients with antibiotics use.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Understanding host immune responses iniMeta · 2024Review
- "Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exploring the Toxin-Mediated Mechanisms inMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Enhanced In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Recent advances in fecal microbiota transplantation forFrontiers in microbiomes · 2024Review
- Development in the Concept of Bacterial Polysaccharide Repeating Unit-Based Antibacterial Conjugate Vaccines.ACS infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Review
- Exposure to proton pump inhibitors is associated with the development of pediatric autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Clostridium difficile Infection Is Associated With Decreased Prostate Cancer Risk: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Cureus · 2023Article
- Comparison between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Mice afterMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- P2X7 receptor blockade decreases inflammation, apoptosis, and enteric neuron loss duringWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Nitro-Group-Containing Thiopeptide Derivatives as Promising Agents to TargetPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common infectious cause of healthcare-acquired diarrhoea. Outcomes of C. difficile colonization are varied, from asymptomatic carriage to fulminant colitis and death, due in part to the interplay between the pathogenic virulence factors of the bacterium and the counteractive immune responses of the host. Secreted toxins A and B are the major virulence factors of C. difficile and induce a profound inflammatory response by intoxicating intestinal epithelial cells causing proinflammatory cytokine release. Host cell necrosis, vascular permeability and neutrophil infiltration lead to an elevated white cell count, profuse diarrhoea and in severe cases, dehydration, hypoalbuminaemia and toxic megacolon. Other bacterial virulence factors, including surface layer proteins and flagella proteins, are detected by host cell surface signal molecules that trigger downstream cell-mediated immune pathways. Human studies have identified a role for serum and faecal immunoglobulin levels in protection from disease, but the recent development of a mouse model of CDI has enabled studies into the precise molecular interactions that trigger the immune response during infection. Key effector molecules have been identified that can drive towards a protective anti-inflammatory response or a damaging proinflammatory response. The limitations of current antimicrobial therapies for CDI have led to the development of both active and passive immunotherapies, none of which have, as yet been formally approved for CDI. However, recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of host immune protection against CDI may provide an exciting opportunity for novel therapeutic developments in the future.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.