ArticleMolecular biology of the cell2014
Contrasting phagosome pH regulation and maturation in human M1 and M2 macrophages.
Article in Molecular biology of the cell, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers.
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Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 216 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Chemoradiation-Altered Micromilieu of Glioblastoma Cells Particularly Impacts M1-like Macrophage Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Eeukaryotic-like Sppsk1 from Vibrio splendidus AJ01 mediates phagosome escape via inhibiting phagosome acidification and maturation.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Lipin-1 restrains macrophage lipid synthesis to promote inflammation resolution.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Phosphoproteomic Profiling Reveals mTOR Signaling in Sustaining Macrophage Phagocytosis of Cancer Cells.Cancers · 2024Article
- Enhancing Antileishmanial Activity of Amidoxime-Based Compounds Bearing a 4,5-Dihydrofuran Scaffold: In Vitro Screening AgainstMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Ferritin adsorption onto chrysotile asbestos fibers influences the protein secondary structure.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Mechanism of Efferocytosis in Determining Ischaemic Stroke Resolution-Diving into Microglia/Macrophage Functions and Therapeutic Modality.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages respond to changes in environmental stimuli by assuming distinct functional phenotypes, a phenomenon referred to as macrophage polarization. We generated classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) polarized macrophages--two extremes of the polarization spectrum--to compare the properties of their phagosomes. Specifically, we analyzed the regulation of the luminal pH after particle engulfment. The phagosomes of M1 macrophages had a similar buffering power and proton (equivalent) leakage permeability but significantly reduced proton-pumping activity compared with M2 phagosomes. As a result, only the latter underwent a rapid and profound acidification. By contrast, M1 phagosomes displayed alkaline pH oscillations, which were caused by proton consumption upon dismutation of superoxide, followed by activation of a voltage- and Zn(2+)-sensitive permeation pathway, likely HV1 channels. The paucity of V-ATPases in M1 phagosomes was associated with, and likely caused by, delayed fusion with late endosomes and lysosomes. The delayed kinetics of maturation was, in turn, promoted by the failure of M1 phagosomes to acidify. Thus, in M1 cells, elimination of pathogens through deployment of the microbicidal NADPH oxidase is given priority at the expense of delayed acidification. By contrast, M2 phagosomes proceed to acidify immediately in order to clear apoptotic bodies rapidly and effectively.
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