ArticleJournal of cellular and molecular medicine2014
Decreased expression of microRNA-21 correlates with the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 227 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research trends of MicroRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis: bibliometrics and visualization analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Pooled it
- Exosomal microRNAs in Periodontitis: From Molecular Footprints to Clinical Frontiers.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- Polysaccharides and Glycosides fromPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- miRNA/mRNA analysis of increased TGF-β pathways drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition and regulatory T cell differentiation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- microRNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Rheumatoid Arthritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Progress on the mechanism of natural polysaccharides in the treatment of arthritis.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- miRNA/mRNA analysis of increased TGF-β pathways drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition and regulatory T cell differentiation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and their potential therapeutic roles in treating rheumatoid arthritis.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Association of cell-free DNA, micro-RNA 21, and micro-RNA 146a levels with rheumatoid arthritis activity.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Migrasomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: a new therapeutic agent for ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- T Cell Dysregulation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: from Genetic Susceptibility to Established Disease.Current rheumatology reports · 2025Review
- miRNA-21, an Important Regulator of Autoimmune Diseases.Current molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Expression of lncRNA NEAT1, miR-21, and IL17 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.Biologics : targets & therapy · 2025Article
- Citrullinated peptides as drug candidates for rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Kaempferol Improved Rheumatoid Arthritis by Regulating the Immune Imbalance of Treg/Th17.Current medical science · 2024Article
- Expression Levels of lncRNA NEAT1, miRNA-21, and IL-17 in a Group of Egyptian Patients with Behçet's Disease: Relation to Disease Manifestations and Activity.Biologics : targets & therapy · 2024Article
- The Lnc-ENST00000602558/IGF1 axis as a predictor of response to treatment with tripterygium glycosides in rheumatoid arthritis patients.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- MicroRNAs as Key Regulators in RA and SLE: Insights into Biological Functions.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Review
- Nebulization of Hypoxic hUCMSC-EVs Attenuates Airway Epithelial Barrier Defects in Chronic Asthma Mice by Transferring CAV-1.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Targeting Interleukin-17 as a Novel Treatment Option for Fibrotic Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The imbalance of Th17/Treg cell populations has been suggested to be involved in the regulation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis; however, the mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. Recent studies have shown how microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of immune responses and are involved in the development of a variety of inflammatory diseases, including RA. In this study, we demonstrated that the frequencies of CD3(+) CD4(+) IL-17(+) Th17 cells were significantly higher, and CD4(+) CD25(+) FOXP3(+) Treg cells significantly lower in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from RA patients. Detection of cytokines from RA patients revealed an elevated panel of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-22, which carry the inflammatory signature of RA and are crucial in the differentiation and maintenance of pathogenic Th17 cells and dysfunction of Treg cells. However, the level of miR-21 was significantly lower in RA patients, accompanied by the increase in STAT3 expression and activation, and decrease in STAT5/pSTAT5 protein and Foxp3 mRNA levels. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide stimulation up-regulated miR-21 expression from healthy controls, but down-regulated miR-21 expression from RA patients. Therefore, we speculate that miR-21 may be part of a negative feedback loop in the normal setting. However, miR-21 levels decrease significantly in RA patients, suggesting that this feedback loop is dysregulated and may contribute to the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells. MiR-21 may thus serve as a novel regulator in T-cell differentiation and homoeostasis, and provides a new therapeutic target for the treatment of RA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.