Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25162221›Full record

ArticlePloS one2014

Non-classical proIL-1beta activation during mammary gland infection is pathogen-dependent but caspase-1 independent.

Koen Breyne, Steven K Cool, Dieter Demon, Kristel Demeyere, Tom Vandenberghe, Peter Vandenabeele, Harald Carlsen, Wim Van Den Broeck, Niek N Sanders, Evelyne Meyer

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Infection and immunity · 2026
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  2. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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  3. Evaluation ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025
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  4. Phage vB_PaeS-PAJD-1 Rescues Murine Mastitis Infected With Multidrug-ResistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Lipid-Rich Extract from Mexican Avocado Seed (Journal of immunology research · 2019
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018
    Article
  11. Efficacy and Safety of a Bovine-AssociatedFrontiers in microbiology · 2017
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Mouse models of mastitis - how physiological are they?International breastfeeding journal · 2015
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Koen BreyneDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Steven K CoolDepartment of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Dieter DemonDepartment of Medical Protein Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Kristel DemeyereDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Tom VandenbergheDepartment for Molecular Biomedical Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
Peter VandenabeeleDepartment for Molecular Biomedical Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
Harald CarlsenDepartment of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Wim Van Den BroeckDepartment of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Niek N SandersDepartment of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Evelyne MeyerDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Ghent University · BEUniversity of Oslo · NOVlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie · BE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infection of the mammary gland with live bacteria elicits a pathogen-specific host inflammatory response. To study these host-pathogen interactions wild type mice, NF-kappaB reporter mice as well as caspase-1 and IL-1beta knockout mice were intramammarily challenged with Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The murine mastitis model allowed to compare the kinetics of the induced cytokine protein profiles and their underlying pathways. In vivo and ex vivo imaging showed that E. coli rapidly induced NF-kappaB inflammatory signaling concomitant with high mammary levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha and MCP-1 as determined by multiplex analysis. In contrast, an equal number of S. aureus bacteria induced a low NF-kappaB activity concomitant with high mammary levels of the classical IL-1beta fragment. These quantitative and qualitative differences in local inflammatory mediators resulted in an earlier neutrophil influx and in a more extensive alveolar damage post-infection with E. coli compared to S. aureus. Western blot analysis revealed that the inactive proIL-1beta precursor was processed into pathogen-specific IL-1beta fragmentation patterns as confirmed with IL-1beta knockout animals. Additionally, caspase-1 knockout animals allowed to investigate whether IL-1beta maturation depended on the conventional inflammasome pathway. The lack of caspase-1 did not prevent extensive proIL-1beta fragmentation by either of S. aureus or E. coli. These non-classical IL-1beta patterns were likely caused by different proteases and suggest a sentinel function of IL-1beta during mammary gland infection. Thus, a key signaling nodule can be defined in the differential host innate immune defense upon E. coli versus S. aureus mammary gland infection, which is independent of caspase-1.

Indexed as

Immunity, InnateAnimalsCaspase 1Chemokine CCL2Escherichia coliEscherichia coli InfectionsFemaleGene Expression RegulationInterleukin-1alphaInterleukin-1betaMammary Glands, AnimalMastitisMiceMice, TransgenicNF-kappa BSignal TransductionCaspase 1Ccl2 protein, mouseChemokine CCL2Interleukin-1alphaInterleukin-1betaNF-kappa B

Identifiers

PMID25162221
PMCPMC4146512
OpenAlexW2051743800

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.