Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25161378›Full record

ArticleSaudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society2014

Dosage uniformity problems which occur due to technological errors in extemporaneously prepared suppositories in hospitals and pharmacies.

Eva Kalmár, Jason Richard Lasher, Thomas Dean Tarry, Andrea Myers, Gerda Szakonyi, György Dombi, Gabriella Baki, Kenneth S Alexander

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

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0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Eva KalmárInstitute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Jason Richard LasherCollege of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Thomas Dean TarryCollege of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Andrea MyersCollege of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Gerda SzakonyiInstitute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
György DombiInstitute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
Gabriella BakiCollege of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Kenneth S AlexanderCollege of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The availability of suppositories in Hungary, especially in clinical pharmacy practice, is usually provided by extemporaneous preparations. Due to the known advantages of rectal drug administration, its benefits are frequently utilized in pediatrics. However, errors during the extemporaneous manufacturing process can lead to non-homogenous drug distribution within the dosage units. To determine the root cause of these errors and provide corrective actions, we studied suppository samples prepared with exactly known errors using both cerimetric titration and HPLC technique. Our results show that the most frequent technological error occurs when the pharmacist fails to use the correct displacement factor in the calculations which could lead to a 4.6% increase/decrease in the assay in individual dosage units. The second most important source of error can occur when the molding excess is calculated solely for the suppository base. This can further dilute the final suppository drug concentration causing the assay to be as low as 80%. As a conclusion we emphasize that the application of predetermined displacement factors in calculations for the formulation of suppositories is highly important, which enables the pharmacist to produce a final product containing exactly the determined dose of an active substance despite the different densities of the components.

Indexed as

Cerimetric titrationClinical pharmacy practiceHPLCQuality controlRectal administration

Identifiers

PMID25161378
PMCPMC4142357

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.