ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Viral nanoparticle-encapsidated enzyme and restructured DNA for cell delivery and gene expression.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacteriophage T4 genome packaging: mechanism and application.EcoSal Plus · 2025Review
- A Modular Bacteriophage T4 Nanoparticle Platform Enables Rapid Design of Dual COVID-19-Flu Mucosal Vaccines.Small science · 2025Article
- Bacteriophage T4 as a Protein-Based, Adjuvant- and Needle-Free, Mucosal Pandemic Vaccine Design Platform.Annual review of virology · 2024Review
- Mechanism of Viral DNA Packaging in Phage T4 Using Single-Molecule Fluorescence Approaches.Viruses · 2024Review
- Design of bacteriophage T4-based artificial viral vectors for human genome remodeling.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Bacteriophage T4 as a nanovehicle for delivery of genes and therapeutics into human cells.Current opinion in virology · 2022Review
- Emerging prospects of protein/peptide-based nanoassemblies for drug delivery and vaccine development.Nano research · 2022Article
- Basics for Improved Use of Phages for Therapy.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Light: A Magical Tool for Controlled Drug Delivery.Advanced functional materials · 2020Article
- The T4 TerL Prohead Packaging Motor Does Not Drive DNA Translocation by a Proposed Dehydration Mechanism.Viruses · 2020Article
- Viral nanoparticles for drug delivery, imaging, immunotherapy, and theranostic applications.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Review
- Multi-Enzyme Assembly on T4 Phage Scaffold.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Integrating Combinatorial Lipid Nanoparticle and Chemically Modified Protein for Intracellular Delivery and Genome Editing.Accounts of chemical research · 2019Article
- Artificial bio-nanomachines based on protein needles derived from bacteriophage T4.Biophysical reviews · 2018Review
- Smart Nanostructures for Cargo Delivery: Uncaging and Activating by Light.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2017Review
- Identification of Essential Genes in the Salmonella Phage SPN3US Reveals Novel Insights into Giant Phage Head Structure and Assembly.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Packaging specific exogenous active proteins and DNAs together within a single viral-nanocontainer is challenging. The bacteriophage T4 capsid (100 × 70 nm) is well suited for this purpose, because it can hold a single long DNA or multiple short pieces of DNA up to 170 kb packed together with more than 1,000 protein molecules. Any linear DNA can be packaged in vitro into purified procapsids. The capsid-targeting sequence (CTS) directs virtually any protein into the procapsid. Procapsids are assembled with specific CTS-directed exogenous proteins that are encapsidated before the DNA. The capsid also can display on its surface high-affinity eukaryotic cell-binding peptides or proteins that are in fusion with small outer capsid and head outer capsid surface-decoration proteins that can be added in vivo or in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that the site-specific recombinase cyclic recombination (Cre) targeted into the procapsid is enzymatically active within the procapsid and recircularizes linear plasmid DNA containing two terminal loxP recognition sites when packaged in vitro. mCherry expression driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter in the capsid containing Cre-circularized DNA is enhanced over linear DNA, as shown in recipient eukaryotic cells. The efficient and specific packaging into capsids and the unpackaging of both DNA and protein with release of the enzymatically altered protein-DNA complexes from the nanoparticles into cells have potential in numerous downstream drug and gene therapeutic applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.