ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2015
Socioeconomic stratification and multidimensional health trajectories: evidence of convergence in later old age.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Functional decline in the final years of life: A multicohort study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Degree of rurality moderates the association of sedentary time with cognitive function in rural patients with cardiac diseases and depressive symptoms.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity and the determinants of multidimensional health transition among Chinese middle-aged and older people: a person-centered approach.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- A Joint Model for Disability, Self-Rated Health, and Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries-Differences by Chronic Disease and Race/Ethnicity.Journal of aging and health · 2024Article
- Flourishing at the end of life.Theoretical medicine and bioethics · 2024Article
- Spousal education and frailty levels among Chinese older adults: A national longitudinal study.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Can Social Mobility Impact Frailty Trajectories of Chinese Adults in Later Life? A Nationwide Longitudinal Study.Innovation in aging · 2024Article
- Income-Related Inequalities in Physical and Cognitive Health Domains Over the Later Life Course: Longitudinal Evidence From the U.S. (1992-2016).Research on aging · 2024Article
- Perceptions of Childhood Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Cognitive Function in Middle and Late Adulthood.The Gerontologist · 2022Article
- Examining the impact of socioeconomic status, demographic characteristics, lifestyle and other risk factors on adults' cognitive functioning in developing countries: an analysis of five selected WHO SAGE Wave 1 Countries.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- Associations between Disability in Activities of Daily Living and Social Capital aspects among older adults: a scoping review.Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2021Article
- Adverse childhood circumstances and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: Lower level or faster decline?SSM - population health · 2021Article
- Association of self-perceived income sufficiency with cognitive impairment among older adults: a population-based study in India.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- Beyond the social gradient: the role of lifelong socioeconomic status in older adults' health trajectories.Aging · 2020Article
- Trajectories of Aging Among U.S. Older Adults: Mixed Evidence for a Hispanic Paradox.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2020Article
- Article
- Occupational social class trajectories in physical functioning among employed women from midlife to retirement.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Article
- Robust Respondents and Lost Limitations: The Implications of Nonrandom Missingness for the Estimation of Health Trajectories.Journal of aging and health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis research sought to examine socioeconomic stratification in the joint trajectories of physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning among older Americans and how it differs by age groups.
methodsWe used data from a nationally representative sample of 9,237 Americans age 65 or older from the Health and Retirement Study, who were observed biennially from 1998 to 2010. Joint trajectories of physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning were characterized using a group-based mixture model. We then applied multinomial logistic regression analysis to evaluate their linkages with socioeconomic status and how the linkages differ by age groups.
resultsWe identified four distinct patterns of joint changes in physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning over time. Accounting for 29.3%, 23.5%, 24.5%, and 22.6% of the older Americans, respectively, these trajectory patterns characterized groups of individuals experiencing minimal to severe levels of impairment and deterioration. Lower education, income, and net worth were associated with trajectories featuring greater impairment or more rapid deterioration in these functional dimensions. Disparities based on education, however, attenuated in later old age, whereas health benefits associated with higher income and higher net worth persisted into advanced age. DISCUSSION: Distinct patterns of joint trajectories of physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning exist in old age. There were significant socioeconomic differences in the joint trajectories, with education-based inequality in health converging in later old age. Further research identifying strategies to alleviate the disproportionate burden of poor multidimensional health trajectories in lower socioeconomic groups is important.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.