ArticleThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics2014
Efavirenz induces neuronal autophagy and mitochondrial alterations.
Article in The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ascorbic Acid Prevents Efavirenz-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior and Brain Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2025Article
- Neuroimaging advances in neurocognitive disorders among HIV-infected individuals.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- The Impact of HIV on Early Brain Aging-A Pathophysiological (Re)View.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Combination of metformin/efavirenz/fluoxetine exhibits profound anticancer activity via a cancer cell-specific ROS amplification.Cancer biology & therapy · 2023Article
- Article
- Biotransformation of Efavirenz and Proteomic Analysis of Cytochrome P450s and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases in Mouse, Macaque, and Human Brain-Derived In Vitro Systems.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2023Article
- A Critical Review of the Biochemical Mechanisms and Epigenetic Modifications in HIV- and Antiretroviral-Induced Metabolic Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Paclitaxel-induced stress granules increaseJournal of biomedical research · 2021Article
- Review
- Beneficial and Adverse Effects of cART Affect Neurocognitive Function in HIV-1 Infection: Balancing Viral Suppression against Neuronal Stress and Injury.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Review
- Efavirenz as a potential drug for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2021Article
- Physiologically Relevant Concentrations of Dolutegravir, Emtricitabine, and Efavirenz Induce Distinct Metabolic Alterations in HeLa Epithelial and BV2 Microglial Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events During 12 Months of Treatment With Efavirenz in Treatment-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients in China: A Prospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Mechanistic insights into antiretroviral drug-induced liver injury.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2020Review
- Brain microstructural changes support cognitive deficits in HIV uninfected children born to HIV infected mothers.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2020Article
- HIV-1 infection alters energy metabolism in the brain: Contributions to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Progress in neurobiology · 2019Review
- NNRTI-induced HIV-1 protease-mediated cytotoxicity induces rapid death of CD4 T cells during productive infection and latency reversal.Retrovirology · 2019Article
- Targeting the HIV-infected brain to improve ischemic stroke outcome.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Targeted Mitochondrial COQMolecular pharmaceutics · 2019Article
- Examining Relationships between Metabolism and Persistent Inflammation in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Efavirenz (EFV) is a non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor in wide use for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Although EFV is generally well tolerated, neuropsychiatric toxicity has been well documented. The toxic effects of EFV in hepatocytes and keratinocytes have been linked to mitochondrial perturbations and changes in autophagy. Here, we studied the effect of EFV on mitochondria and autophagy in neuronal cell lines and primary neurons. In SH-SY5Y cells, EFV induced a drop in ATP production, which coincided with increased autophagy, mitochondrial fragmentation, and mitochondrial depolarization. EFV-induced mitophagy was also detected by colocalization of mitochondria and autophagosomes and use of an outer mitochondrial membrane tandem fluorescent vector. Pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine increased the cytotoxic effect of EFV, suggesting that autophagy promotes cell survival. EFV also reduces ATP production in primary neurons, induces autophagy, and changes mitochondrial morphology. Overall, EFV is able to acutely induce autophagy and mitochondrial changes in neurons. These changes may be involved in the mechanism leading to central nervous system toxicity observed in clinical EFV use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.