ArticleCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2014
Meta-cognitions in tourette syndrome, tic disorders, and body-focused repetitive disorder.
Article in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Literature Review on Public Health Impacts of Persistent Tic Disorders: Education and Employment.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2026Pooled it
- Premonitory urge in tic disorders - a scoping review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Frequency of body focused repetitive behaviors and comparison to self-injurious behaviors in patients with tic disorders.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Validation and assessment of the self-injurious behavior scale for tic disorders (SIBS-T).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Comparing the 'When' and the 'Where' of Electrocortical Activity in Patients with Tourette Syndrome, Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Why Tic Severity Changes from Then to Now and from Here to There.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Correlates and clinical implications of tic suppressibility.Current developmental disorders reports · 2021Article
- A Review of Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions for Tic Disorder.Soa--ch'ongsonyon chongsin uihak = Journal of child & adolescent psychiatry · 2021Article
- Treatment of Tourette Syndrome With Attention Training Technique-A Case Series.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Clinical Features That Evoke the Concept of Disinhibition in Tourette Syndrome.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Review
- [A review on the management of tic disorders in children: psychoeducation and behavioral intervention].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2018Review
- Interoceptive Accuracy in Youth with Tic Disorders: Exploring Links with Premonitory Urge, Anxiety and Quality of Life.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2018Article
- P300 Source Localization Contrasts in Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors and Tic Disorders.Brain sciences · 2017Article
- Toward a Multifactorial Conception of the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome and Persistent Chronic Tic Disorder.Brain sciences · 2017Article
- The Impact of a Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Event-Related Potentials in Patients with Tic Disorders or Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2016Article
- The Effect of a New Therapy for Children with Tics Targeting Underlying Cognitive, Behavioral, and Physiological Processes.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2016Article
- Novel Psychological Formulation and Treatment of "Tic Attacks" in Tourette Syndrome.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2016Article
- Tourette Syndrome research highlights 2014.F1000Research · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo explore if self-reported presence of thinking about tics or body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRBs; gests) are direct triggers of tic or gest onset in 3 groups: Tourette syndrome (TS; n =18), persistent chronic tic disorders (TDs; n = 42), and a comparison group with BFRB (n = 36).
methodThe 3 groups completed a thinking about tics inventory, listing 22 items derived from clinician consensus that asked whether thoughts always, sometimes, or never exclusively triggered tic onset. Other questionnaires measured mood, perfectionism, impulsivity, premonitory urge, and self-rated tension. Sixty-three participants completed the inventory twice, and the inventory was completed pre- and post-behavioural intervention by a further 54.
resultsThe ranking of the thoughts reported as likely to trigger tics or gests was positively correlated across TD and BFRB groups. Exploratory principal components analysis of a reduced 12-item set (the thinking about tics inventory) in TS and TD groups revealed that such thoughts could be grouped into 3 separate subscales: thoughts about the interference of tics or gests, thoughts anticipating tics or gests, and thoughts about whether the person has permission to perform the tic or the gest. The 3 sets of subscales showed good and acceptable internal consistency and overall score showed good test-retest reliability, suggesting thoughts about tics or gests are robust and measurable. The subscales correlated with impulsivity, tic or behaviour severity, and ratings of frequency decreased post-behavioural treatment.
conclusionsThinking about tics or gests is reported as triggering tics or gests in both TD and BFRB, and meta-cognition seems independent of premonitory sensations and relates to distinct clinical characteristics in each clinical group.
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