ReviewCNS drugs2014
Clinical trials in acute ischemic stroke.
Review in CNS drugs, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adjunctive cytoprotective therapies in acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Ferroptosis: mechanisms and therapeutic targets.MedComm · 2024Review
- A potential role of gut microbiota in stroke: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future prospective.Psychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Edaravone-loaded poly(amino acid) nanogel inhibits ferroptosis for neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia injury.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2024Article
- Stroke and Neurogenesis: Bridging Clinical Observations to New Mechanistic Insights from Animal Models.Translational stroke research · 2024Review
- Stem cell therapy as a promising approach for ischemic stroke treatment.Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery · 2024Review
- Glutamate-releasing BEST1 channel is a new target for neuroprotection against ischemic stroke with wide time window.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Article
- Review
- The Relationship of Astrocytes and Microglia with Different Stages of Ischemic Stroke.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Neonatal Arterial Ischaemic Stroke: Advances in Pathologic Neural Death, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Review
- MicroRNA-454 modulates the oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via targeting NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4).Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2022Article
- Understanding Acquired Brain Injury: A Review.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Preventive effects of ginseng against atherosclerosis and subsequent ischemic stroke: A randomized controlled trial (PEGASUS trial).Journal of ginseng research · 2022Article
- Overexpression of Mitochondrial Ferritin Enhances Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Following Ischemic Stroke in Mice by Maintaining Iron Homeostasis in Endothelial Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Higher uric acid is associated with better discharge recovery and short-term outcome in stroke patients treated with thrombolysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Article
- Review
- Mitochondrial ferritin attenuates cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis.Cell death & disease · 2021Article
- Alteration of miRNA Biogenesis Regulating Proteins in the Human Microglial Cell Line HMC-3 After Ischemic Stress.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Epigenetic Regulations of Microglia/Macrophage Polarization in Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major cause of mortality and disability and remains a serious and significant global health problem. The development of neurovascular protectants to treat AIS successfully has been beset by disappointments and setbacks. Many promising candidates have lacked significant pleiotropic protective activity for brain tissue and cerebral blood vessels in clinical trials, while those with protective activity have had poor bioavailability or high toxicity. Moreover, the majority of agents did not confer significant neurovascular protection or clinical efficacy, as measured by standard behavioral endpoints in clinical trials of heterogeneous populations of patients with AIS. The recombinant tissue plasminogen activator alteplase is approved in many countries for the treatment of AIS in the first 3 h after symptom onset. Many drug candidates have been subject to clinical trials, including those with anti-excitotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic/regenerative, calcium/adrenergic-modulating/antihypertensive, thrombolytic, nootropic/stimulant, fluid regulatory, or oxygen-delivering mechanisms of action. Some agents, such as tenecteplase, edaravone and minocycline, may be approved for global use in the future. This review evaluates almost all neurovascular protectants subject to clinical trial evaluation for the treatment of AIS, and includes 241 studies conducted between 1978 and 2014. The development of agents that reduce brain injury after AIS will require new and different approaches based on a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of AIS. Moreover, the future treatment for AIS is likely to lie in combination therapy rather than monotherapy. Additional approaches to the testing and use of neurovascular protectants should be considered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.