ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2015
Feedback-driven trial-by-trial learning in autism spectrum disorders.
Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Distinct neurobiological alterations during hedonic experience of rewards in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: Multimodal evidence from neuroimaging meta-analyses.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Positive Valence System in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Neuropsychology review · 2021Pooled it
- The functional neural architecture of dysfunctional reward processing in autism.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Social Motivation Hypothesis of Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Intranasal oxytocin decreases self-oriented learning.Psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Reward processing differences in autism: current understandings and future directions.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Review
- Midbrain hypoactivation and mesocortical hypoconnectivity in inhibitory control learning in autism.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Mismatch Negativity and P3a in Unaffected Siblings of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Exploration on the Neurocognitive Implications.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- How Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Impact Cognitive Flexibility in Children With Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- The role of machine learning in autism spectrum disorder assessment and management.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Social aloofness is associated with non-social explore-exploit decisions.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- Autistic traits relate to reduced reward sensitivity in learning from point-light displays (PLDs).Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Sensory-movement underpinnings of lifelong neurodivergence: getting a grip on autism.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2025Article
- Intact predictive processing in autistic adults: evidence from statistical learning.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Aberrant uncertainty processing is linked to psychotic-like experiences, autistic traits, and is reflected in pupil dilation during probabilistic learning.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Brain Mechanisms Supporting Flexible Cognition and Behavior in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Biological psychiatry · 2021Review
- Disruption of Nrxn1α within excitatory forebrain circuits drives value-based dysfunction.eLife · 2020Article
- Modeling flexible behavior in childhood to adulthood shows age-dependent learning mechanisms and less optimal learning in autism in each age group.PLoS biology · 2020Article
- Atypical Value-Driven Selective Attention in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- Learning with individual-interest outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveImpairments in learning are central to autism spectrum disorders. The authors investigated the cognitive and neural basis of these deficits in young adults with autism spectrum disorders using a well-characterized probabilistic reinforcement learning paradigm.
methodThe probabilistic selection task was implemented among matched participants with autism spectrum disorders (N=22) and with typical development (N=25), aged 18-40 years, using rapid event-related functional MRI. Participants were trained to choose the correct stimulus in high-probability (AB), medium-probability (CD), and low-probability (EF) pairs, presented with valid feedback 80%, 70%, and 60% of the time, respectively. Whole-brain voxel-wise and parametric modulator analyses examined early and late learning during the stimulus and feedback epochs of the task.
resultsThe groups exhibited comparable performance on medium- and low-probability pairs. Typically developing persons showed higher accuracy on the high-probability pair, better win-stay performance (selection of the previously rewarded stimulus on the next trial of that type), and more robust recruitment of the anterior and medial prefrontal cortex during the stimulus epoch, suggesting development of an intact reward-based working memory for recent stimulus values. Throughout the feedback epoch, individuals with autism spectrum disorders exhibited greater recruitment of the anterior cingulate and orbito-frontal cortices compared with individuals with typical development, indicating continuing trial-by-trial activity related to feedback processing.
conclusionsIndividuals with autism spectrum disorders exhibit learning deficits reflecting impaired ability to develop an effective reward-based working memory to guide stimulus selection. Instead, they continue to rely on trial-by-trial feedback processing to support learning dependent upon engagement of the anterior cingulate and orbito-frontal cortices.
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