ArticlePloS one2014
Hydroxamate production as a high affinity iron acquisition mechanism in Paracoccidioides spp.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- The transcriptional regulatorCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring the Biological Pathways of Siderophores and Their Multidisciplinary Applications: A Comprehensive Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Iron Starvation Induces Ferricrocin Production and the Reductive Iron Acquisition System in the Chromoblastomycosis AgentJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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- A Potential Biofertilizer-Siderophilic Bacteria Isolated From the Rhizosphere ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Sib1, Sib2, and Sib3 proteins are required for ferrichrome-mediated cross-feeding interaction betweenFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Mechanistic Insights and Potential Use of Siderophores Producing Microbes in Rhizosphere for Mitigation of Stress in Plants Grown in Degraded Land.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Iron Deprivation Modulates the Exoproteome inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Biosynthesis Pathways, Transport Mechanisms and Biotechnological Applications of Fungal Siderophores.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Transcriptional Differences Guided Discovery and Genetic Identification of Coprogen and Dimerumic Acid Siderophores inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Interacting with Hemoglobin:Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Review
- The "Little Iron Waltz": The Ternary Response ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Living Within the Macrophage: Dimorphic Fungal Pathogen Intracellular Metabolism.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Molecular characterization of siderophore biosynthesis inIMA fungus · 2020Article
- The Trojan Horse Model inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Metals in fungal virulence.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2018Review
- Non-invasive and invasive diagnoses of aspergillosis in a rat model by mass spectrometry.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Review
- Genome-Wide Analysis of Secondary Metabolite Gene Clusters in OFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Iron is a micronutrient required by almost all living organisms, including fungi. Although this metal is abundant, its bioavailability is low either in aerobic environments or within mammalian hosts. As a consequence, pathogenic microorganisms evolved high affinity iron acquisition mechanisms which include the production and uptake of siderophores. Here we investigated the utilization of these molecules by species of the Paracoccidioides genus, the causative agents of a systemic mycosis. It was demonstrated that iron starvation induces the expression of Paracoccidioides ortholog genes for siderophore biosynthesis and transport. Reversed-phase HPLC analysis revealed that the fungus produces and secretes coprogen B, which generates dimerumic acid as a breakdown product. Ferricrocin and ferrichrome C were detected in Paracoccidioides as the intracellular produced siderophores. Moreover, the fungus is also able to grow in presence of siderophores as the only iron sources, demonstrating that beyond producing, Paracoccidioides is also able to utilize siderophores for growth, including the xenosiderophore ferrioxamine. Exposure to exogenous ferrioxamine and dimerumic acid increased fungus survival during co-cultivation with macrophages indicating that these molecules play a role during host-pathogen interaction. Furthermore, cross-feeding experiments revealed that Paracoccidioides siderophores promotes growth of Aspergillus nidulans strain unable to produce these iron chelators. Together, these data denote that synthesis and utilization of siderophores is a mechanism used by Paracoccidioides to surpass iron limitation. As iron paucity is found within the host, siderophore production may be related to fungus pathogenicity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.