ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Nonlytic viral spread enhanced by autophagy components.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 173 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
173 citing papers in PubMed, 249 citations in OpenAlex.
- ATG9A is an essential host factor for parechovirus RNA replication.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- TAM receptor tyrosine kinases as potential mediators of the non-lytic spread of non-enveloped viruses.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- EV-D68 exploits clathrin-mediated endocytosis and compensatory macropinocytosis for cellular entry.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Enterovirus-induced cleavage of Mitofusin 2 generates mitophagosomes for enveloped virion release.Science advances · 2026Article
- Interactions between extracellular vesicles and viruses: lessons learned across species and kingdoms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Serial passagingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Autophagy machinery as exploited by viruses.Autophagy reports · 2025Article
- Host-Microbe Interactions: Understanding the Mechanism of Autophagy in Viral Replication and Immune Evasion.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Insect-borne non-enveloped bluetongue virus utilizes discrete small vesicles for non-lytic release and cell-to-cell transmission.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Myosin-9 is required for lysosome-mediated nonlytic reovirus egress.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Review
- HSV-1 virions and related particles: biogenesis and implications in the infection.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Enterovirus D68 infection in cotton rats results in systemic inflammation with detectable viremia associated with extracellular vesicle and neurologic disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The EMCV protein 2B* is required for efficient cell lysis via both caspase-3-dependent and -independent pathways during infection.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Reticulophagy and viral infection.Autophagy · 2025Review
- Mitophagosomes induced during EV-D68 infection promote viral nonlytic release.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Single-Cell Virology: On-Chip, Quantitative Characterization of the Dynamics of Virus Spread from One Single Cell to Another.Viruses · 2024Article
- Non-lytic spread of poliovirus requires the nonstructural protein 3CD.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Utilizing Adenovirus Knob Proteins as Carriers in Cancer Gene Therapy Amidst the Presence of Anti-Knob Antibodies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The cell-to-cell spread of cytoplasmic constituents such as nonenveloped viruses and aggregated proteins is usually thought to require cell lysis. However, mechanisms of unconventional secretion have been described that bypass the secretory pathway for the extracellular delivery of cytoplasmic molecules. Components of the autophagy pathway, an intracellular recycling process, have been shown to play a role in the unconventional secretion of cytoplasmic signaling proteins. Poliovirus is a lytic virus, although a few examples of apparently nonlytic spread have been documented. Real demonstration of nonlytic spread for poliovirus or any other cytoplasmic constituent thought to exit cells via unconventional secretion requires demonstration that a small amount of cell lysis in the cellular population is not responsible for the release of cytosolic material. Here, we use quantitative time-lapse microscopy to show the spread of infectious cytoplasmic material between cells in the absence of lysis. siRNA-mediated depletion of autophagy protein LC3 reduced nonlytic intercellular viral transfer. Conversely, pharmacological stimulation of the autophagy pathway caused more rapid viral spread in tissue culture and greater pathogenicity in mice. Thus, the unconventional secretion of infectious material in the absence of cell lysis is enabled by components of the autophagy pathway. It is likely that other nonenveloped viruses also use this pathway for nonlytic intercellular spread to affect pathogenesis in infected hosts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.