ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Attenuation of human respiratory syncytial virus by genome-scale codon-pair deoptimization.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Live-attenuated vaccines of human respiratory syncytial virus for infants and young children: Progress and prospects of an old yet promising platform.Biosafety and health · 2026Review
- Codon-Pair Deoptimized (CPD) Intranasal RSV Vaccines: A Novel Strategy for Infant Protection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Codon Usage Bias in Human RNA Viruses and Its Impact on Viral Translation, Fitness, and Evolution.Viruses · 2025Review
- Review
- Design and nonviral delivery of live attenuated vaccine to prevent chronic hepatitis C virus-like infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The mutational landscape of SARS-CoV-2 provides new insight into viral evolution and fitness.Nature communications · 2025Article
- CocoVax: a web server for codon-based deoptimization of viral genes in live attenuated vaccine design.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Advances in development of antiviral strategies against respiratory syncytial virus.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Rapid development of attenuated IBV vaccine candidates through a versatile backbone applicable to variants.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Evolution shapes and conserves genomic signatures in viruses.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Dengue virus preferentially uses human and mosquito non-optimal codons.Molecular systems biology · 2024Article
- Human parainfluenza virus 3 vaccine candidates attenuated by codon-pair deoptimization are immunogenic and protective in hamsters.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
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- Article
- Gene recoding by synonymous mutations creates promiscuous intragenic transcription initiation in mycobacteria.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Codon Usage and Context Analysis of Genes Modulated during SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Dental Inflammation.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Mucosal administration of a live attenuated recombinant COVID-19 vaccine protects nonhuman primates from SARS-CoV-2.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Compositional biases in RNA viruses: Causes, consequences and applications.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA · 2022Review
- Synthetically recoded virus sCPD9 - A tool to accelerate SARS-CoV-2 research under biosafety level 2 conditions.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Review
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important viral agent of serious pediatric respiratory-tract disease worldwide. A vaccine or generally effective antiviral drug is not yet available. We designed new live attenuated RSV vaccine candidates by codon-pair deoptimization (CPD). Specifically, viral ORFs were recoded by rearranging existing synonymous codons to increase the content of underrepresented codon pairs. Amino acid coding was completely unchanged. Four CPD RSV genomes were designed in which the indicated ORFs were recoded: Min A (NS1, NS2, N, P, M, and SH), Min B (G and F), Min L (L), and Min FLC (all ORFs except M2-1 and M2-2). Surprisingly, the recombinant CPD viruses were temperature-sensitive for replication in vitro (level of sensitivity: Min FLC > Min L > Min B > Min A). All of the CPD mutants grew less efficiently in vitro than recombinant wild-type (WT) RSV, even at the typically permissive temperature of 32 °C (growth efficiency: WT > Min L > Min A > Min FLC > Min B). CPD of the ORFs for the G and F surface glycoproteins provided the greatest restrictive effect. The CPD viruses exhibited a range of restriction in mice and African green monkeys comparable with that of two attenuated RSV strains presently in clinical trials. This study provided a new type of attenuated RSV and showed that CPD can rapidly generate vaccine candidates against nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses, a large and expanding group that includes numerous pathogens of humans and animals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.