ReviewJournal of bacteriology2015
Holins in bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea: multifunctional xenologues with potential biotechnological and biomedical applications.
Review in Journal of bacteriology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Endolysins and membrane-active peptides: innovative engineering strategies against gram-negative bacteria.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Insights Into Phylogeny, Diversity and Functional Potential of Poseidoniales Viruses.Environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- A New Insight into Phage Combination Therapeutic Approaches Against Drug-Resistant Mixed Bacterial Infections.PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Review
- Molecular basis of cell membrane adaptation in daptomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Species-level verification ofmSystems · 2024Article
- Elucidating the molecular properties and anti-mycobacterial activity of cysteine peptidase domain of D29 mycobacteriophage endolysin.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- ComI inhibits transformation inJournal of bacteriology · 2024Article
- Cell death dependent on holins LrgAB repressed by a novel ArsR family regulator CdsR.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- Article
- Heterologous expression and purification of the phage lysin-like bacteriocin LysL from Lactococcus lactis LAC460.FEMS microbiology letters · 2024Article
- Archaeal virus entry and egress.microLife · 2024Review
- Functional and genomic characterization of a novel probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii KD1 against shrimp WSSV infection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- I am better than I look: genome based safety assessment of the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IS-10506.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Functional biology and biotechnology of thermophilic viruses.Essays in biochemistry · 2023Review
- Discovery of Bactericidal Proteins fromAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Pathogenicity and Transcriptomic Analyses of Two "Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Holins form pores in the cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria for the primary purpose of releasing endolysins that hydrolyze the cell wall and induce cell death. Holins are encoded within bacteriophage genomes, where they promote cell lysis for virion release, and within bacterial genomes, where they serve a diversity of potential or established functions. These include (i) release of gene transfer agents, (ii) facilitation of programs of differentiation such as those that allow sporulation and spore germination, (iii) contribution to biofilm formation, (iv) promotion of responses to stress conditions, and (v) release of toxins and other proteins. There are currently 58 recognized families of holins and putative holins with members exhibiting between 1 and 4 transmembrane α-helical spanners, but many more families have yet to be discovered. Programmed cell death in animals involves holin-like proteins such as Bax and Bak that may have evolved from bacterial holins. Holin homologues have also been identified in archaea, suggesting that these proteins are ubiquitous throughout the three domains of life. Phage-mediated cell lysis of dual-membrane Gram-negative bacteria also depends on outer membrane-disrupting "spanins" that function independently of, but in conjunction with, holins and endolysins. In this minireview, we provide an overview of their modes of action and the first comprehensive summary of the many currently recognized and postulated functions and uses of these cell lysis systems. It is anticipated that future studies will result in the elucidation of many more such functions and the development of additional applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.