ReviewPediatrics2014
School start times for adolescents.
Review in Pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04285307 (The Effect of Sleep Extension in Teenage Girls at a College Preparatory High School), which is not on this map. Cited by 171 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Sleep Extension in Teenage Girls at a College Preparatory High School
Who cites it
171 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 451 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevention of self-harm and suicide in young people up to the age of 25 in education settings.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- School Start Times, Sleep, and Youth Outcomes: A Meta-analysis.Pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Sleep Health Promotion Interventions and Their Effectiveness: An Umbrella Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Adolescent Cognitive-Behavioral Sleep Interventions.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2017Pooled it
- Intraindividual variability of sleep/wake patterns in relation to child and adolescent functioning: A systematic review.Sleep medicine reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Later school start times for supporting the education, health, and well-being of high school students.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Delaying Middle School and High School Start Times Promotes Student Health and Performance: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2017Guideline
- Delayed school start times and adolescent sleep: A systematic review of the experimental evidence.Sleep medicine reviews · 2016Pooled it
- An Official American Thoracic Society Statement: The Importance of Healthy Sleep. Recommendations and Future Priorities.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2015Guideline
- A one-hour delayed school start improves sleep, sleepiness and inhibitory control in early adolescents in a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Evening Chronotype Is Associated With Daytime Impairment and Differential Sleep and Circadian Response to a Sleep Extension Manipulation in Short Sleeping Adolescents.Journal of sleep research · 2026Trial
- Association between dim light melatonin onset predicted from gene expression profiles with sleep time and chronotype preference: A pilot study.Chronobiology international · 2025Trial
- Supporting healthy development in adolescence: Technology-supported cooperative learning can reduce stress and increase sleep quality.Journal of school psychology · 2025Trial
- Challenges in implementing and assessing outcomes of school start time change in the UK: experience of the Oxford Teensleep study.Sleep medicine · 2019Trial
- Shortened Sleep Duration Causes Sleepiness, Inattention, and Oppositionality in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Findings From a Crossover Sleep Restriction/Extension Study.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2019Trial
- Daytime Sleepiness Increases With Age in Early Adolescence: A Sleep Restriction Dose-Response Study.Sleep · 2017Trial
- Neurobehavioral Impact of Successive Cycles of Sleep Restriction With and Without Naps in Adolescents.Sleep · 2017Trial
- Eating breakfast together as a family: mealtime experiences and associations with dietary intake among adolescents in rural Minnesota, USA.Public health nutrition · 2016Trial
- Sleep Is Integral to School Health and Adolescent Wellbeing: An Evidence-Based Call to Action.The Journal of school health · 2026Review
- Energy Drink Use and Adolescent Sleep Debt: Implications for Obesity, Cognition, and Physical Activity.Nutrients · 2026Review
111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The American Academy of Pediatrics recognizes insufficient sleep in adolescents as an important public health issue that significantly affects the health and safety, as well as the academic success, of our nation's middle and high school students. Although a number of factors, including biological changes in sleep associated with puberty, lifestyle choices, and academic demands, negatively affect middle and high school students' ability to obtain sufficient sleep, the evidence strongly implicates earlier school start times (ie, before 8:30 am) as a key modifiable contributor to insufficient sleep, as well as circadian rhythm disruption, in this population. Furthermore, a substantial body of research has now demonstrated that delaying school start times is an effective countermeasure to chronic sleep loss and has a wide range of potential benefits to students with regard to physical and mental health, safety, and academic achievement. The American Academy of Pediatrics strongly supports the efforts of school districts to optimize sleep in students and urges high schools and middle schools to aim for start times that allow students the opportunity to achieve optimal levels of sleep (8.5-9.5 hours) and to improve physical (eg, reduced obesity risk) and mental (eg, lower rates of depression) health, safety (eg, drowsy driving crashes), academic performance, and quality of life.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.