ArticleInfection and immunity2014
Differential regulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression by mitogen-activated protein kinases in macrophages in response to intestinal parasite infection.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Manipulation of host response and trajectory of parasite survival: A damage-response framework perspective.Virulence · 2026Review
- Commensal, pathogen, or passenger? Rethinking the role ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Emerging microbiome-directed therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: beyond diet modification and FMT.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Comparison of the Intestinal Microbiota of Patients with Urticaria and Healthy Controls: The Role of Blastocystis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Acanthamoeba castellanii cysteine protease 3 promotes M1 macrophage polarization through the TLR4/NF‑κB pathway.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Decoding Blastocystis-Driven Mechanisms in Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Assessment of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) therapeutic and prophylactic role in rats experimentally infected with Blastocystis subtype 3 (ST3).Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Molecular Screening and Characterization of Enteric Protozoan Parasites and Microsporidia in Wild Ducks from Portugal.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- An Update onMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- A 11-year-old boy with Blastocystis hominis infection, presents as immune thrombocytopenia.Thrombosis journal · 2024Article
- Review
- Advances in the axenic isolation methods ofParasitology · 2024Review
- Extracellular Cysteine Proteases of Key Intestinal Protozoan Pathogens-Factors Linked to Virulence and Pathogenicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Colonization with ubiquitous protist Blastocystis ST1 ameliorates DSS-induced colitis and promotes beneficial microbiota and immune outcomes.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2023Article
- RIPK3 promoter hypermethylation in hepatocytes protects from bile acid-induced inflammation and necroptosis.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Colonization with two differentTheranostics · 2023Article
- Review
- Do Intestinal Unicellular Parasites Have a Role in the Inflammatory and Redox Status among the Severely Obese?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and its related signaling pathways in the regulation of tumor-associated macrophages polarization.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2022Review
- Infection with pathogenic Blastocystis ST7 is associated with decreased bacterial diversity and altered gut microbiome profiles in diarrheal patients.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Blastocystis is a common enteric protistan parasite that can cause acute, as well as chronic, infection and is associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the pathogenic status of Blastocystis infection remains unclear. In this study, we found that Blastocystis antigens induced abundant expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), in mouse intestinal explants, in mouse colitis colon, and in macrophages. Further investigation utilizing RAW264.7 murine macrophages showed that Blastocystis treatment in RAW264.7 macrophages induced the activation of ERK, JNK, and p38, the three major groups of mammalian mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases that play essential roles in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. ERK inhibition in macrophages significantly suppressed both mRNA and protein expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and mRNA expression of IL-1β. On the other hand, JNK inhibition resulted in reductions in both c-Jun and ERK activation and significant suppression of all three proinflammatory cytokines at both the mRNA and protein levels. Inhibition of p38 suppressed only IL-6 protein expression with no effect on the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. Furthermore, we found that serine proteases produced by Blastocystis play an important role in the induction of ERK activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression by macrophages. Our study thus demonstrated for the first time that Blastocystis could induce the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines via the activation of MAP kinases and that infection with Blastocystis may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory intestinal diseases through the activation of inflammatory pathways in host immune cells, such as macrophages.
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