Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25156733›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity2014

SSP3 is a novel Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite surface protein with a role in gliding motility.

Anke Harupa, Brandon K Sack, Viswanathan Lakshmanan, Nadia Arang, Alyse N Douglass, Brian G Oliver, Andrew B Stuart, D Noah Sather, Scott E Lindner, Kevin Hybiske and 2 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
3.9field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Transcriptional heterogeneity and tightly regulated changes in gene expression duringProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021
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  18. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2017
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Anke HarupaSeattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA Institute of Biology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Brandon K SackSeattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Viswanathan LakshmananSeattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Nadia ArangSeattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Alyse N DouglassSeattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Brian G OliverSeattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Andrew B StuartSeattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
D Noah SatherSeattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Scott E LindnerSeattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Kevin HybiskeDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-3079
Motomi ToriiDepartment of Molecular Parasitology, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
Stefan H I KappeSeattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA stefan.kappe@seattlebiomed.org.
Center for Infectious Disease Research · USUniversity of Washington · USEhime University · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Plasmodium sporozoites develop within oocysts in the mosquito midgut wall and then migrate to the salivary glands. After transmission, they embark on a complex journey to the mammalian liver, where they infect hepatocytes. Proteins on the sporozoite surface likely mediate multiple steps of this journey, yet only a few sporozoite surface proteins have been described. Here, we characterize a novel, conserved sporozoite surface protein (SSP3) in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii. SSP3 is a putative type I transmembrane protein unique to Plasmodium. By using epitope tagging and SSP3-specific antibodies in conjunction with immunofluorescence microscopy, we showed that SSP3 is expressed in mosquito midgut oocyst sporozoites, exhibiting an intracellular localization. In sporozoites derived from the mosquito salivary glands, however, SSP3 localized predominantly to the sporozoite surface as determined by immunoelectron microscopy. However, the ectodomain of SSP3 appeared to be inaccessible to antibodies in nonpermeabilized salivary gland sporozoites. Antibody-induced shedding of the major surface protein circumsporozoite protein (CSP) exposed the SSP3 ectodomain to antibodies in some sporozoites. Targeted deletion of SSP3 adversely affected in vitro sporozoite gliding motility, which, surprisingly, impacted neither their cell traversal capacity, host cell invasion in vitro, nor infectivity in vivo. Together, these data reveal a previously unappreciated complexity of the Plasmodium sporozoite surface proteome and the roles of surface proteins in distinct biological activities of sporozoites.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntibodies, ProtozoanEpitopesFemaleGene DeletionGene Expression RegulationMembrane ProteinsMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMovementPlasmodium yoeliiProtein TransportProtozoan ProteinsSporozoitesAntibodies, ProtozoanEpitopesMembrane ProteinsProtozoan Proteins

Identifiers

PMID25156733
PMCPMC4249349
OpenAlexW2150989648

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.