Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25156174›Full record

ArticleHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2014

Long-term blood pressure variability throughout young adulthood and cognitive function in midlife: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Yuichiro Yano, Hongyan Ning, Norrina Allen, Jared P Reis, Lenore J Launer, Kiang Liu, Kristine Yaffe, Philip Greenland, Donald M Lloyd-Jones

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

72 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  14. Blood Pressure and Cognitive Function in Older Adults.Clinics in geriatric medicine · 2024
    Review
  15. Cerebral blood flow regulation and cognitive performance in hypertension.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024
    Article
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12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yuichiro YanoFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (Y.Y., H.N., N.A., K.L., P.G., D.M.L.-J.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (L.J.L.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.).
Hongyan NingFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (Y.Y., H.N., N.A., K.L., P.G., D.M.L.-J.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (L.J.L.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.).
Norrina AllenFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (Y.Y., H.N., N.A., K.L., P.G., D.M.L.-J.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (L.J.L.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.).
Jared P ReisFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (Y.Y., H.N., N.A., K.L., P.G., D.M.L.-J.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (L.J.L.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.).
Lenore J LaunerFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (Y.Y., H.N., N.A., K.L., P.G., D.M.L.-J.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (L.J.L.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.).
Kiang LiuFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (Y.Y., H.N., N.A., K.L., P.G., D.M.L.-J.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (L.J.L.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.).
Kristine YaffeFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (Y.Y., H.N., N.A., K.L., P.G., D.M.L.-J.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (L.J.L.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.).
Philip GreenlandFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (Y.Y., H.N., N.A., K.L., P.G., D.M.L.-J.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (L.J.L.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.).
Donald M Lloyd-JonesFrom the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (Y.Y., H.N., N.A., K.L., P.G., D.M.L.-J.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.P.R.); Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD (L.J.L.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (K.Y.). dlj@northwestern.edu.

Funding

Brain aging and cardiovascular risk factors and diseaseZIAAG007480 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI LAUNER, LENORE J · 2011 to 2025
$2.7M
Intramural NIH HHSNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268200900041CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300025CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300026CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300027CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300028CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300029C
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Whether long-term blood pressure (BP) variability throughout young adulthood is associated with cognitive function in midlife remains uncertain. Using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), which recruited healthy young adults aged 18 to 30 years (mean age, 25 years) at baseline (Y(0)), we assessed BP variability by SD and average real variability (ARV) for 25 years (8 visits). Cognitive function was assessed with the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (psychomotor speed test), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (verbal memory test), and the modified Stroop test (executive function test) at follow-up (Y(25)). At the Y(25) examination, participants (n=2326) had a mean age of 50.4 years, 43% were men, and 40% were black. In multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, higher ARV(SBP), ARV(DBP), and SD(DBP) were significantly associated with lower scores of Digit Symbol Substitution Test (β [SE]: -0.025 [0.006], -0.029 [0.007], and -0.029 [0.007], respectively; all P<0.001) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (β [SE]: -0.016 [0.006], -0.021 [0.007], and -0.019 [0.007], respectively; all P<0.05) after adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics and with cumulative exposure to BP through Y(0) to Y(25). Neither SDBP nor ARV(BP) was associated with the Stroop score. The associations between ARV(BP) or SD(BP) and each cognitive function test were similar between blacks and whites except for 1 significant interaction between race and SDS(BP) on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (P<0.05). Long-term BP variability for 25 years beginning in young adulthood was associated with worse psychomotor speed and verbal memory tests in midlife, independent of cumulative exposure to BP during follow-up.

Indexed as

Office VisitsAdolescentAdultAgingBlood PressureCognitionCoronary Artery DiseaseFemaleHumansLinear ModelsLongitudinal StudiesMaleMemoryMiddle AgedPsychomotor PerformanceRisk Factorsblood pressurecognitionyoung adult

Identifiers

PMID25156174
PMCPMC4192076

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.