Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25155949›Full record

ArticleHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2015

Translation and validation of a multidimensional instrument to assess health literacy.

Sarah Dwinger, Levente Kriston, Martin Härter, Jörg Dirmaier

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. The Reduced Multi-Dimensional Health Literacy Scale: A First Bilingual Validation Using RASCH Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sarah DwingerDepartment of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Levente KristonDepartment of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Martin HärterDepartment of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Jörg DirmaierDepartment of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe patients' task to find, evaluate and transfer health information to one's individual condition and life requires competences that are summarized by the term 'health literacy'. Poor health literacy is associated with poorer health outcomes, like a higher rate of rehospitalization, lower receipt of screenings and a higher frequency of doctor visits.

objectiveThree levels of health literacy are distinguished: functional, communicative and critical health literacy. Aim of this study was to translate and adapt the 'Functional Communicative Critical Health Literacy' (FCCHL) questionnaire to German, and assess its psychometric properties. METHODS/

designThe FCCHL was sent to 9075 participants enrolled in a RCT on health coaching. 4040 participants responded. Besides descriptive and reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the questionnaire's postulated scale structure in a calibration (N = 3000) and a validation sample (N = 1040) for cross-validation.

resultsThe instrument was well accepted (missing values ≤2.1% per item) and showed acceptable or good internal consistency for the entire scale (α = 0.77) and the subscales (α = 0.75-0.80). The proposed three-factor model did not fit the German data sufficiently. As the scales 'communicative health literacy' and 'critical health literacy' showed high intercorrelation (0.98), they were combined to a new scale called 'processing health literacy'. The fit indices for the amended two-factor model were satisfying in both subgroups.

conclusionsReliability and acceptance of the German FCCHL are satisfying. An amended two-factor structure showed better validity than the original factor structure. Further research regarding the FCCHL and the underlying construct is needed.

Indexed as

Health LiteracyAgedFemaleHumansMalePsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesTranslatingchronic disordershealth literacypsychometricsreliabilityvalidity

Identifiers

PMID25155949
PMCPMC5810638

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.