ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2014
Dietary inflammatory index and risk of colorectal cancer in the Iowa Women's Health Study.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary inflammatory index and risk of major digestive tract cancers: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary inflammatory index and the risk of colorectal adenomas and cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Nutrition journal · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer risk: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary Inflammatory Index in relation to Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Pooled it
- Dietary Inflammatory Index and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and cancer outcomes.International journal of cancer · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Index-based dietary patterns and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2015Pooled it
- Prospective association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and mortality: modulation by antioxidant supplementation in the SU.VI.MAX randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016Trial
- Dietary inflammatory index and anthropometric measures of obesity in a population sample at high cardiovascular risk from the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) trial.The British journal of nutrition · 2015Trial
- Harnessing Metabolic Insights: A Framework for Dietary Patterns in Chronic Disease Prevention and Management.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Exploring the link between dietary inflammatory index and sleep disorders: Insights from NHANES and Mendelian randomization approach.Medicine · 2025Article
- Dietary inflammatory index and pre-hypertension among adults in two sub-Saharan African countries.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- The association of the dietary inflammatory potential with risk of overall and site-specific cancers: A community-based longitudinal study in the UK Biobank.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Article
- Pro-Inflammatory Diet as a Risk Factor for Stomach Cancer: Findings from a Multicenter Study in Central and Western China.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- Dietary Inflammatory Index, Obesity, and the Incidence of Colorectal Cancer: Findings from a Hospital-Based Case-Control Study in Malaysia.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Dietary Inflammatory Potential and the Risk of Serrated and Adenomatous Colorectal Polyps.Nutrition and cancer · 2023Article
- Diet Composition and Objectively Assessed Sleep Quality: A Narrative Review.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2022Review
- Associations of Novel Lifestyle- and Whole Foods-Based Inflammation Scores with Incident Colorectal Cancer Among Women.Nutrition and cancer · 2022Article
- Association between dietary inflammatory index and atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundColorectal cancer, the third most common cancer in the United States, has a natural history that usually encompasses several decades. Dietary components have been implicated in the etiology of colorectal cancer, perhaps through their effect on inflammation.
methodsWe examined the ability of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict colorectal cancer in the Iowa Women's Health Study. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed by a 121-item food frequency questionnaire in this cohort of 34,703 women, ages 55 to 69 years, free of any self-reported prior malignancy at enrollment in 1986. Incident colorectal cancer cases were identified through linkage with the State Health Registry of Iowa (a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program member). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HRs. Through the end of 2010, 1,636 incident colorectal cancers were identified, including 1,329 colon and 325 rectal cancers.
resultsMultivariable analysis, adjusting for body mass index, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, hormone replacement therapy, education, diabetes, and total energy intake, revealed positive associations between higher DII and colorectal cancer risk [HR for DIIcontinuous: 1.07 per unit increase in DII (corresponding to 0.5 SD unit increase); 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.13; HR for DIIquintiles: Q5 vs. Q1 = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01-1.43]. HRs for DII were similar for colon cancer and rectal cancer, though not statistically significant for rectal cancer.
conclusionsThese results indicate that a proinflammatory diet, as indicated by higher DII scores, was associated with higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. IMPACT: Proinflammatory diets are associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.