ArticleThe American journal of gastroenterology2014
Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis is associated with extrapancreatic organ failure, malignancy, and mortality in a prospective UK cohort.
Article in The American journal of gastroenterology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation of Autoimmune Pancreatitis and Malignancy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2022Pooled it
- [Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis (2021)].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2022Guideline
- The risk of malignancy in patients with IgG4-related disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Pooled it
- The clinical efficacy of azathioprine as maintenance treatment for autoimmune pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of gastroenterology · 2021Pooled it
- European Guideline on IgG4-related digestive disease - UEG and SGF evidence-based recommendations.United European gastroenterology journal · 2020Guideline
- Guideline
- Clinical practice guidelines for IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis.Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences · 2019Guideline
- Pooled it
- IgG4-related disease in gastroenterology: from pathogenesis to clinical management and long-term outcomes.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Association between autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer: a case after long-term steroid therapy.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Imaging of Pancreatic and Biliary Involvement in IgG4-Related Disease: Key Imaging Features, Diagnostic Criteria and Differential Diagnosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Different Medication Protocols in Patients with Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease Based on Follow-up Time: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Archives of rheumatology · 2026Article
- IgG4-related Sclerosing Cholangitis Masquerading as Cholangiocarcinoma: A Diagnostic Challenge.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2026Article
- IgG4-sclerosing cholangitis masquerading as cholangiocarcinoma: a case report of an unresolved preoperative diagnosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Jaundice marks immunoglobulin G4-related cholangitis in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis patients.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2026Article
- IgG4-Related Cholangitis.Seminars in liver disease · 2025Review
- IgG4-related cholangitis - distinguishing from other benign biliary strictures: clinical features, imaging, and response to treatment: a retrospective study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Article
- Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Autoimmune Pancreatitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Review
- The relationship between immunoglobulin G4-related disease and malignancy.Reumatologia · 2025Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesType I autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-related SC) are now recognized as components of a multisystem IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). We aimed to define the clinical course and long-term outcomes in patients with AIP/IgG4-SC recruited from two large UK tertiary referral centers.
methodsData were collected from 115 patients identified between 2004 and 2013, and all were followed up prospectively from diagnosis for a median of 33 months (range 1-107), and evaluated for response to therapy, the development of multiorgan involvement, and malignancy. Comparisons were made with national UK statistics.
resultsAlthough there was an initial response to steroids in 97%, relapse occurred in 50% of patients. IgG4-SC was an important predictor of relapse (P<0.01). Malignancy occurred in 11% shortly before or after the diagnosis of IgG4-RD, including three hepatopancreaticobiliary cancers. The risk of any cancer at diagnosis or during follow-up when compared with matched national statistics was increased (odds ratio=2.25, CI=1.12-3.94, P=0.02). Organ dysfunction occurred within the pancreas, liver, kidney, lung, and brain. Mortality occurred in 10% of patients during follow-up. The risk of death was increased compared with matched national statistics (odds ratio=2.07, CI=1.07-3.55, P=0.02).
conclusionsOur findings suggest that AIP and IgG4-SC are associated with significant morbidity and mortality owing to extrapancreatic organ failure and malignancy. Detailed clinical evaluation for evidence of organ dysfunction and associated malignancy is required both at first presentation and during long-term follow-up.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.