SynthesisJournal of science and medicine in sport2015
Caffeine and diuresis during rest and exercise: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of science and medicine in sport, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- TFOS lifestyle: Impact of societal challenges on the ocular surface.The ocular surface · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- The influence of coffee consumption on bioelectrical impedance parameters: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Caffeinated Energy Drink Formulations Differentially Impact Hydration Versus Water: Does Habitual Caffeine Intake or Biological Sex Matter?Nutrients · 2025Article
- Coffee's Impact on Health and Well-Being.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Effects of caffeinated chewing gum-induced sympathetic activation and diuretic effect on the rapid rate of weight loss in bodybuilders: a double-blind crossover study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- An Exploration of the Interplay Between Caffeine and Antidepressants Through the Lens of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2025Review
- Common questions and misconceptions about caffeine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Review
- Causal associations between 45 dietary intake habits and urolithiasis: insights from genetic studies.Translational andrology and urology · 2024Article
- Compositional Aspects of Beverages Designed to Promote Hydration Before, During, and After Exercise: Concepts Revisited.Nutrients · 2023Review
- International society of sports nutrition position stand: coffee and sports performance.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Article
- Water intake, hydration status and 2-year changes in cognitive performance: a prospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Diuretics: a contemporary pharmacological classification?Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2022Review
- The association between caffeine intake and risk of kidney stones: A population-based study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- The Inverted U-Shaped Association of Caffeine Intake with Serum Uric Acid in U.S. Adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2022Article
- Water Security and Nutrition: Current Knowledge and Research Opportunities.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Review
- Effects of Caffeine and Caffeinated Beverages in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults: Short Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Energy-drink consumption is associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in Korean adolescents.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Coffee Brews: Are They a Source of Macroelements in Human Nutrition?Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAlthough ergogenic, acute caffeine ingestion may increase urine volume, prompting concerns about fluid balance during exercise and sport events. This meta-analysis evaluated caffeine induced diuresis in adults during rest and exercise.
designMeta-analysis.
methodsA search of three databases was completed on November 1, 2013. Only studies that involved healthy adults and provided sufficient information concerning the effect size (ES) of caffeine ingestion on urine volume were included. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, providing a total of 28 ESs for the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using a random-effects model.
resultsThe median caffeine dosage was 300 mg. The overall ES of 0.29 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.11-0.48, p = 0.001) corresponds to an increase in urine volume of 109 ± 195 mL or 16.0 ± 19.2% for caffeine ingestion vs. non-caffeine conditions. Subgroup meta-analysis confirmed exercise as a strong moderator: active ES = 0.10, 95% CI = -0.07 to 0.27, p = 0.248 vs. resting ES = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.22-0.85, p = 0.001 (Cochran's Q, p = 0.019). Females (ES = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.38-1.13, p < 0.001) were more susceptible to diuretic effects than males (ES = 0.13, 95% CI = -0.05 to 0.31, p = 0.158) (Cochran's Q, p = 0.003).
conclusionsCaffeine exerted a minor diuretic effect which was negated by exercise. Concerns regarding unwanted fluid loss associated with caffeine consumption are unwarranted particularly when ingestion precedes exercise.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.