ReviewToxins2014
Engineering venom's toxin-neutralizing antibody fragments and its therapeutic potential.
Review in Toxins, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Workgroup Report by the Joint Task Force Involving American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI); Food Allergy, Anaphylaxis, Dermatology and Drug Allergy (FADDA) (Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee and Adverse Reactions to Drugs, Biologicals, and Latex Committee); and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Botulism Clinical Treatment Guidelines Workgroup-Allergic Reactions to Botulinum Antitoxin: A Systematic Review.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Pooled it
- Venom variation and the future of antivenom design: Integrating population venomics, evolutionary toxinology, and precision therapeutics.Toxicon: X · 2026Review
- Conserved Enzymatic Peptides inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Enhancing the Bothropic Antivenom through a Reverse Antivenomics Approach.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- Antibody-based alternatives to animal testing for toxin detection and antitoxin evaluation.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Review
- Neutralizing anti-diphtheria toxin scFv produced by phage display.Biotechnology letters · 2024Article
- Production of recombinant scorpion antivenoms in E. coli: current state and perspectives.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Article
- Antibodies as Snakebite Antivenoms: Past and Future.Toxins · 2022Review
- Article
- Isolation of Polyclonal Single-Chain Fragment Variable (scFv) Antibodies Against Venomous Snakes of Iran and Evaluation of Their Capability in Neutralizing the Venom.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR · 2020Article
- Development of Nanobodies Against Hemorrhagic and Myotoxic Components ofFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Review
- Antivenom Production againstToxins · 2018Article
- Article
- Third Generation Antivenomics: Pushing the Limits of the In Vitro Preclinical Assessment of Antivenoms.Toxins · 2017Article
- In vitro determination of the efficacy of scorpion venoms as anti-cancer agents against colorectal cancer cells: a nano-liposomal delivery approach.International journal of nanomedicine · 2017Article
- DNA Aptamers against Taiwan Banded Krait α-Bungarotoxin Recognize Taiwan Cobra Cardiotoxins.Toxins · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Serum therapy remains the only specific treatment against envenoming, but anti-venoms are still prepared by fragmentation of polyclonal antibodies isolated from hyper-immunized horse serum. Most of these anti-venoms are considered to be efficient, but their production is tedious, and their use may be associated with adverse effects. Recombinant antibodies and smaller functional units are now emerging as credible alternatives and constitute a source of still unexploited biomolecules capable of neutralizing venoms. This review will be a walk through the technologies that have recently been applied leading to novel antibody formats with better properties in terms of homogeneity, specific activity and possible safety.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.