ArticlePloS one2014
Habituation to experimentally induced electrical pain during voluntary-breathing controlled electrical stimulation (BreEStim).
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breathing-Controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim) Selectively Modulates Affective and Cognitive Components of Pain-An EEG Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neuropathic pain modulation after spinal cord injury by breathing-controlled electrical stimulation (BreEStim) is associated with restoration of autonomic dysfunction.Journal of pain research · 2018Article
- Automated classification of pain perception using high-density electroencephalography data.Journal of neurophysiology · 2017Article
- A novel nonpharmacological intervention - breathing-controlled electrical stimulation for neuropathic pain management after spinal cord injury - a preliminary study.Journal of pain research · 2016Article
- Pain modulation effect of breathing-controlled electrical stimulation (BreEStim) is not likely to be mediated by deep and fast voluntary breathing.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Tactile, thermal, and electrical thresholds in patients with and without phantom limb pain after traumatic lower limb amputation.Journal of pain research · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePainful peripheral electrical stimulation to acupuncture points was found to cause sensitization if delivered randomly (EStim), but induced habituation if triggered by voluntary breathing (BreEStim). The objective was to systematically compare the effectiveness of BreEStim and EStim and to investigate the possible mechanisms mediating the habituation effect of BreEStim.
methodsEleven pain-free, healthy subjects (6 males, 5 females) participated in the study. Each subject received the BreEStim and EStim treatments in a random order at least three days apart. Both treatments consisted of 120 painful but tolerable stimuli to the ulnar nerve at the elbow on the dominant arm. BreEStim was triggered by voluntary breathing while EStim was delivered randomly. Electrical sensation threshold (EST) and electrical pain threshold (EPT) were measured from the thenar and hypothenar eminences on both hands at pre-intervention and 10-minutes post-intervention.
resultsThere was no difference in the pre-intervention baseline measurement of EST and EPT between BreEStim and EStim. BreEStim increased EPT in all tested sites on both hands, while EStim increased EPT in the dominant hypothenar eminence distal to the stimulating site and had no effect on EPT in other sites. There was no difference in the intensity of electrical stimulation between EStim and BreEStim.
conclusionOur findings support the important role human voluntary breathing plays in the systemic habituation effect of BreEStim to peripheral painful electrical stimulation.
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