ReviewLancet (London, England)2014
The role of the microbiome in exacerbations of chronic lung diseases.
Review in Lancet (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02392182 (Understanding the Lung Microbiome in HIV-Infected & HIV-Uninfected Individuals), which is not on this map. Cited by 286 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Understanding the Lung Microbiome in HIV-Infected & HIV-Uninfected Individuals
Who cites it
286 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 496 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research trends and thematic evolution of respiratory microbiota in COPD: a bibliometric study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of tuberculosis and its treatment on the lung and gut microbiota: a global systematic review, meta-analysis, and amplicon-based metagenomic meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- No difference in microbial diversity between bronchoalveolar lavage and tracheal sampling: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Pooled it
- The Microbiology of Acute Exacerbations in Chronic Rhinosinusitis - A Systematic Review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Multi-omic meta-analysis identifies functional signatures of airway microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The ISME journal · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Characterisation of microbiota in saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, non-malignant, peritumoural and tumour tissue in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a cross-sectional clinical trial.Respiratory research · 2020Trial
- Axial Connectivity of the Lung Microbiome: A Review of Interorgan Crosstalk.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targeting of the Macrophage Metabolic-Epigenetic Interaction Network in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Mitochondria Meet the Lung Microbiome: A Bidirectional Dialogue in Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Dynamic balance of the lung microbiome in health and respiratory diseases.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Inhaled Corticosteroids Influence Pulmonary Microbiota in Severe Equine Asthma.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Relationship between airway stents and airway microorganisms: a literature review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Review
- Comparative analysis of the lung microbiota in patients with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and community-acquired pneumonia.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Longitudinal dynamics and site-specific recovery of the human respiratory microbiome following smoking cessation.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Pulmonary injury in inflammatory bowel disease: intestinal barrier disruption, gut-lung axis remodeling, and treatment-related lung toxicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Crosstalk between the microbiome and the mucosal immunoglobulin A system in the lung, in health and disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- May nutrients and dietary supplements influence the gut-lung microbiota axis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exacerbations?Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Distinct bacterial profiles according to structural lung disease in patients undergoing bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
226 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Culture-independent microbiological techniques have shown a previously unappreciated complexity to the bacterial microbiome of the respiratory tract that forces reconsideration of the interactions between host, bacteria, and the pathogenesis of exacerbations of chronic lung disease. The composition of the lung microbiome is determined by microbial immigration, elimination, and relative growth rates of its members. All these factors change dramatically in chronic lung disease and further during exacerbations. Exacerbations lack the features of bacterial infections, including increased bacterial burden and decreased diversity of microbial communities. We propose that exacerbations are occasions of respiratory tract dysbiosis--a disorder of the respiratory tract microbial ecosystem with negative effects on host biology. Respiratory tract dysbiosis provokes a dysregulated host immune response, which in turn alters growth conditions for microbes in airways, promoting further dysbiosis and perpetuating a cycle of inflammation and disordered microbiota. Differences in the composition of baseline respiratory tract microbiota might help to explain the so-called frequent-exacerbator phenotype observed in several disease states, and might provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.