Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25149274›Full record

ReviewBiochimica et biophysica acta2015

CHARMM additive and polarizable force fields for biophysics and computer-aided drug design.

K Vanommeslaeghe, A D MacKerell

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
128citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

128 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. In Silico Analysis of CMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  8. Dissociation kinetics of G proteins from G protein-coupled receptors and effects of allosteric modulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
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  11. The physics-AI dialogue in drug design.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2025
    Review
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68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

K VanommeslaegheDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
A D MacKerellDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: alex@outerbanks.umaryland.edu.

Funding

Polarizable Force Field for Proteins and LipidsR01GM072558 · NIGMS · WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIV · PI ROUX, BENOIT · 2005 to 2023
$5.1M
Oligonucleotide Conformational HeterogeneityR01GM051501 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI MACKERELL, ALEXANDER D · 2003 to 2018
$3.6M
Carbohydrate force fields for structure, dynamics and molecular recognitionR01GM070855 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI MACKERELL, ALEXANDER D · 2005 to 2018
$3.5M
HALOGEN FREE ENERGY DATABASE FOR RATIONAL DRUG DESIGNR29GM051501 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI MACKERELL, ALEXANDER D. · 1996 to 2000
$108k
NIGMS NIH HHS GM051501NIGMS NIH HHS GM070855NIGMS NIH HHS GM072558NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM051501NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM070855NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM072558NIGMS NIH HHS R29 GM051501
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMolecular Mechanics (MM) is the method of choice for computational studies of biomolecular systems owing to its modest computational cost, which makes it possible to routinely perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on chemical systems of biophysical and biomedical relevance. SCOPE OF REVIEW: As one of the main factors limiting the accuracy of MD results is the empirical force field used, the present paper offers a review of recent developments in the CHARMM additive force field, one of the most popular biomolecular force fields. Additionally, we present a detailed discussion of the CHARMM Drude polarizable force field, anticipating a growth in the importance and utilization of polarizable force fields in the near future. Throughout the discussion emphasis is placed on the force fields' parametrization philosophy and methodology. MAJOR

conclusionsRecent improvements in the CHARMM additive force field are mostly related to newly found weaknesses in the previous generation of additive force fields. Beyond the additive approximation is the newly available CHARMM Drude polarizable force field, which allows for MD simulations of up to 1μs on proteins, DNA, lipids and carbohydrates. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Addressing the limitations ensures the reliability of the new CHARMM36 additive force field for the types of calculations that are presently coming into routine computational reach while the availability of the Drude polarizable force fields offers an inherently more accurate model of the underlying physical forces driving macromolecular structures and dynamics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Recent developments of molecular dynamics".

Indexed as

Computer-Aided DesignDrug DesignMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics SimulationAnisotropyCarbohydrate ConformationCarbohydratesLigandsLipidsMolecular StructureNucleic Acid ConformationNucleic AcidsPharmaceutical PreparationsProtein ConformationProteinsStatic ElectricityCarbohydratesLigandsLipidsNucleic AcidsPharmaceutical PreparationsProteinsBiophysicsComputer-aided drug designEmpirical force fieldMolecular dynamicsMolecular MechanicsPotential energy function

Identifiers

PMID25149274
PMCPMC4334745

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.