ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2014
Confirmed Bacillus anthracis infection among persons who inject drugs, Scotland, 2009-2010.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathogenic characterization and genome-wide evolutionary analysis of Bacillus anthracis from a cutaneous anthrax case in Inner Mongolia, China.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Chimeric Antibody Engineering AgainstToxins · 2026Article
- Lysins as a powerful alternative to combat Bacillus anthracis.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Dachshund Homolog 1: Unveiling Its Potential Role in Megakaryopoiesis andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Biosafety Research Road Map: The Search for Evidence to Support Practices in the Laboratory-Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association · 2023Review
- Human Anthrax: Update of the Diagnosis and Treatment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Risk Factors for Severe Cutaneous Anthrax in a Retrospective Case Series and Use of a Clinical Algorithm to Identify Likely Meningitis and Evaluate Treatment Outcomes, Kyrgyz Republic, 2005-2012.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- A Review of the Efficacy of FDA-ApprovedToxins · 2021Review
- Hydrocortisone decreases lethality and inflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide production in rats challenged with B. anthracis cell wall peptidoglycan.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2020Article
- Case Report of an Injectional Anthrax in France, 2012.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Article
- Genetic characteristics of Bacillus anthracis isolated from northwestern China from 1990 to 2016.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- Review
- Shock and lethality with anthrax edema toxin in rats are associated with reduced arterial responsiveness to phenylephrine and are reversed with adefovir.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2017Article
- Bacillus anthracis Edema Toxin Increases Fractional Free Water and Sodium Reabsorption in an Isolated Perfused Rat Kidney Model.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Heroin-associated anthrax with minimal morbidity.BMJ case reports · 2017Article
- Analysis of Anthrax Immune Globulin Intravenous with Antimicrobial Treatment in Injection Drug Users, Scotland, 2009-2010.Emerging infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Nitric oxide production contributes to Bacillus anthracis edema toxin-associated arterial hypotension and lethality: ex vivo and in vivo studies in the rat.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2016Article
- Mapping the Distribution of Anthrax in Mainland China, 2005-2013.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In Scotland, the 2009 outbreak of Bacillus anthracis infection among persons who inject drugs resulted in a 28% death rate. To compare nonsurvivors and survivors, we obtained data on 11 nonsurvivors and 16 survivors. Time from B. anthracis exposure to symptoms or hospitalization and skin and limb findings at presentation did not differ between nonsurvivors and survivors. Proportionately more nonsurvivors had histories of excessive alcohol use (p = 0.05) and required vasopressors and/or mechanical ventilation (p≤0.01 for each individually). Nonsurvivors also had higher sequential organ failure assessment scores (mean ± SEM) (7.3 ± 0.9 vs. 1.2 ± 0.4, p<0.0001). Antibacterial drug administration, surgery, and anthrax polyclonal immune globulin treatments did not differ between nonsurvivors and survivors. Of the 14 patients who required vasopressors during hospitalization, 11 died. Sequential organ failure assessment score or vasopressor requirement during hospitalization might identify patients with injectional anthrax for whom limited adjunctive therapies might be beneficial.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.