ArticleSurgical infections2015
Local release of antibiotics for surgical site infection management using high-purity calcium sulfate: an in vitro elution study.
Article in Surgical infections, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03976466 (Application of Antibiotic Loaded Calcium Sulfate as Prophylaxis for Patients With Non Modifiable Risk Factors for Periprosthetic Joint Infections), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Application of Antibiotic Loaded Calcium Sulfate as Prophylaxis for Patients With Non Modifiable Risk Factors for Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prophylactic Local Antibiotic Therapy in Tissue Expander-Based Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Antibiotic Selection for Sustained Local Therapy May Be Important to ReduceMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Prophylactic Antibiotic-Loaded Cement, Absorbable and Nonabsorbable, for Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2026Article
- Pilot Study: Vancomycin Calcium Sulfate Beads in the Prevention of Recurrent Capsular Contracture of Breast Implants.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Palliative Ventral Hernia Repair Using Onlay Mesh and Antibiotic Beads in High-Risk Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Management of open femur fractures with massive bone loss using two-stage vascularized fibula grafting and synthetic calcium sulfate: A report of two cases.Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma · 2025Article
- A Comparative Study of Taylor Spatial Frame and Monolateral External Fixator for Treating Infected Tibial Defects With Concomitant Soft Tissue Loss.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- In Situ-Gelling Antimicrobial Poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate)-Based Hydrogels Integrating Bound Quaternary Ammonia Compounds and Antibiotic Functionalities for Effective Infected Wound Healing.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Debridement, antimicrobial therapy, and implant retention (DAIR) as curative strategy for acute periprosthetic hip and knee infections: a position paper of the European Bone & Joint Infection Society (EBJIS).Journal of bone and joint infection · 2025Article
- The use of antibiotic-loaded calcium sulphate beads in debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) for periprosthetic infections: a retrospective comparative cohort on outcome.Acta orthopaedica · 2024Article
- Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial-loaded cements and beads in orthopedic trauma and arthroplasty.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2024Review
- Article
- Pharmacokinetic Interpretation of Applying Local Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Deep Surgical Site Infection in the Spine.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Article
- A Modified Technique for Two-Stage Revision in Knee PJI Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Open Intra-articular Distal Femur Fracture with 21 cm Bone Loss Managed by Early Vascularized Fibula Grafting and Antibiotic Loaded Synthetic Calcium Sulfate Beads - A Case Report.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2023Article
- Daptomycin-Impregnated PMMA Cement against Vancomycin-Resistant Germs: Dosage, Handling, Elution, Mechanical Stability, and Effectiveness.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A surgeon's trial success of curing pedal eumycetoma.BMJ case reports · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to characterize the elution of four antibiotics from pharmaceutical-grade calcium sulfate beads and show that the eluted antibiotics retained efficacy.
methodsCalcium sulfate was combined with gentamicin, tobramycin, vancomycin, or rifampicin (ratio: 20 g of calcium sulfate, to 240 mg, 500 mg, 900 mg, and 600 mg of antibiotic, respectively). Three grams of beads were immersed in 4 mL of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C. At each time point (4, 8, 24 h; 2, 7, 14, 28, 42 d), eluates were removed for analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial efficacy of antibiotics combined with calcium sulfate beads after 42 d was tested by a modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay.
resultsAll samples showed a generally exponential decay in the eluted antibiotic concentration. At the first time point, both gentamicin and tobramycin had eluted to a peak concentration of approximately 10,000 mcg/mL. For rifampicin, the peak concentration occurred at 24 h, whereas for vancomycin, it occurred at 48 h. The eluted concentrations exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for common periprosthetic joint infection pathogens for the entire span of the 42 study days. Mass spectrometry confirmed all antibiotics were unchanged when eluted from the calcium sulfate carrier. Antimicrobial efficacy was unaltered after 42 d in combination with calcium sulfate at 37°C.
conclusionsPharmaceutical-grade calcium sulfate has the potential for targeted local release of tobramycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and rifampicin over a clinically meaningful time period.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.