ArticleCell death and differentiation2015
Perforin oligomers form arcs in cellular membranes: a locus for intracellular delivery of granzymes.
Article in Cell death and differentiation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- AFM to Study Pore-Forming Proteins.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Cytotoxic T Cells: Kill, Memorize, and Mask to Maintain Immune Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Perforin 1 in Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapy, and Outlook.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Granzymes in health and diseases: the good, the bad and the ugly.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Dissecting the Protective Effect of CD8Biology · 2023Review
- Perforin-2 clockwise hand-over-hand pre-pore to pore transition mechanism.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Gasdermin-A3 pore formation propagates along variable pathways.Nature communications · 2022Article
- All About (NK Cell-Mediated) Death in Two Acts and an Unexpected Encore: Initiation, Execution and Activation of Adaptive Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Lipid specificity of the immune effector perforin.Faraday discussions · 2021Article
- Beyond pore formation: reorganization of the plasma membrane induced by pore-forming proteins.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Human NK cells: From development to effector functions.Innate immunity · 2021Review
- Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization at the single molecule level.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Granzyme B Induces IRF-3 Phosphorylation through a Perforin-Independent Proteolysis-Dependent Signaling Cascade without Inducing Cell Death.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- Pore formation in regulated cell death.The EMBO journal · 2020Review
- License to Kill: When iNKT Cells Are Granted the Use of Lethal Cytotoxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Plasmodium Perforin-Like Protein Pores on the Host Cell Membrane Contribute in Its Multistage Growth and Erythrocyte Senescence.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Ancient but Not Forgotten: New Insights Into MPEG1, a Macrophage Perforin-Like Immune Effector.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Adenosine leakage from perforin-burst extracellular vesicles inhibits perforin secretion by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.PloS one · 2020Article
- Structure and mechanism of bactericidal mammalian perforin-2, an ancient agent of innate immunity.Science advances · 2020Article
- Lipid order and charge protect killer T cells from accidental death.Nature communications · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Perforin-mediated cytotoxicity is an essential host defense, in which defects contribute to tumor development and pathogenic disorders including autoimmunity and autoinflammation. How perforin (PFN) facilitates intracellular delivery of pro-apoptotic and inflammatory granzymes across the bilayer of targets remains unresolved. Here we show that cellular susceptibility to granzyme B (GzmB) correlates with rapid PFN-induced phosphatidylserine externalization, suggesting that pores are formed at a protein-lipid interface by incomplete membrane oligomers (or arcs). Supporting a role for these oligomers in protease delivery, an anti-PFN antibody (pf-80) suppresses necrosis but increases phosphatidylserine flip-flop and GzmB-induced apoptosis. As shown by atomic force microscopy on planar bilayers and deep-etch electron microscopy on mammalian cells, pf-80 increases the proportion of arcs which correlates with the presence of smaller electrical conductances, while large cylindrical pores decline. PFN appears to form arc structures on target membranes that serve as minimally disrupting conduits for GzmB translocation. The role of these arcs in PFN-mediated pathology warrants evaluation where they may serve as novel therapeutic targets.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.