ArticleCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)2016
Globally Divergent but Locally Convergent X- and Y-Chromosome Influences on Cortical Development.
Article in Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influences of Brain Size, Sex, and Sex Chromosome Complement on the Architecture of Human Cortical Folding.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2017Trial
- Regional sex differences in human cortical anatomy vary in their morphometric bases and overlap with sex chromosomal and gonadal influences.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cell-type specific allelic dampening of sex-linked genes in sex chromosome aneuploidy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Genetic insights on the mechanisms of human cortical folding.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Gonadal and sex chromosomal contributions to sex differences in mammalian brain organization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Intergenerational neuroimaging's present and future: Considering sex as a biological variable to enhance knowledge of brain development through parent-offspring similarity.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Review
- Age-related differences in psychopathology within sex chromosome trisomies.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Fractionation of sex differences in human cortical anatomy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Cortical differences across psychiatric disorders and associated common and rare genetic variants.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Brain structure in triple X syndrome: regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness in adult women with 47,XXX karyotype.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- Sex differences in age-associated neurological diseases-A roadmap for reliable and high-yield research.Science advances · 2025Review
- Deep Screening for X Chromosome Parent-of-Origin Effects on Neurobehavioral and Neuroanatomical Phenotypes in 47,XXY Klinefelter Syndrome.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- X- vs. Y-chromosome influences on human behavior: a deep phenotypic comparison of psychopathology in XXY and XYY syndromes.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2024Article
- Influences of RASopathies on Neuroanatomical Variation in Children.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2024Article
- Social Communication in Young Children With Sex Chromosome Trisomy (XXY, XXX, XYY): A Study With Eye Tracking and Heart Rate Measures.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2024Article
- Sex, gender diversity, and brain structure in early adolescence.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Article
- The Variegation of Human Brain Vulnerability to Rare Genetic Disorders and Convergence With Behaviorally Defined Disorders.Biological psychiatry · 2024Article
- Turner syndrome and neuropsychological abnormalities: a review and case series.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2024Review
- Early symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 1-8 year old children with sex chromosome trisomies (XXX, XXY, XYY), and the predictive value of joint attention.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Owing to their unique evolutionary history, modern mammalian X- and Y-chromosomes have highly divergent gene contents counterbalanced by regulatory features, which preferentially restrict expression of X- and Y-specific genes. These 2 characteristics make opposing predictions regarding the expected dissimilarity of X- vs. Y-chromosome influences on biological structure and function. Here, we quantify this dissimilarity using in vivo neuroimaging within a rare cohort of humans with diverse sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs). We show that X- and Y-chromosomes have opposing effects on overall brain size but exert highly convergent influences on local brain anatomy, which manifest across biologically distinct dimensions of the cerebral cortex. Large-scale online meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging data indicates that convergent sex chromosome dosage effects preferentially impact centers for social perception, communication, and decision-making. Thus, despite an almost complete lack of sequence homology, and opposing effects on overall brain size, X- and Y-chromosomes exert congruent effects on the proportional size of cortical systems involved in adaptive social functioning. These convergent X-Y effects (i) track the dosage of those few genes that are still shared by X- and Y-chromosomes, and (ii) may provide a biological substrate for the link between SCA and increased rates of psychopathology.
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