SynthesisJournal of the American College of Nutrition2014
Total fructose intake and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts.
Synthesis in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 38 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Relation of Total and Individual Fructose-containing Sugars With Incident Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Series of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Prospective Observational Studies
Relation of Important Food Sources of Sugars With Incident Cardiometabolic Disease: A Series of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses to Inform Guidelines, Public Health Policy, and Future Research Design
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- The oral und systemic health risks of sugar consumption: an umbrella review.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary Sugar Intake and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Pooled it
- Acute Intake of Fructose Increases Arterial Pressure in Humans: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- The Role of Diet in the Prevention of Hypertension and Management of Blood Pressure: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Interventional and Observational Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Pooled it
- Fructose-containing food sources and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars and Incident Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of artificial sweeteners on coronary heart disease: A 2-way 2-sample Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis.Medicine · 2026Article
- High-Fructose-Induced Salt-Sensitive Hypertension: The Potential Benefit of SGLT4 or SGLT5 Modulation.Nutrients · 2025Review
- The association between hypertension and different types of dietary carbohydrates.Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism · 2024Article
- The Therapeutic Potential of the Specific Intestinal Microbiome (SIM) Diet on Metabolic Diseases.Biology · 2024Review
- Nutrient pattern analysis of mineral based, simple sugar based, and fat based diets and risk of metabolic syndrome: a comparative nutrient panel.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Article
- High Fructose Intake Contributes to Elevated Diastolic Blood Pressure in Adolescent Girls: Results from The HELENA Study.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Dietary fructose and risk of metabolic syndrome in Chinese residents aged 45 and above: results from the China National Nutrition and Health Survey.Nutrition journal · 2021Article
- Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2021Review
- Fructose Consumption-Free Sugars and Their Health Effects.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2021Review
- Prevalence and cardiometabolic correlates of ketohexokinase gene variants among UK Biobank participants.PloS one · 2021Article
- Sugar-sweetened beverages consumption in relation to hypertension among Iranian university students: the MEPHASOUS study.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2020Article
- Low-carbohydrate diets and cardiometabolic health: the importance of carbohydrate quality over quantity.Nutrition reviews · 2020Review
- Compliance to dietary guidelines on fruit and vegetable intake and prevalence of hypertension among Vietnamese adults, 2015.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAlthough most controlled feeding trials have failed to show an adverse effect of fructose on blood pressure, concerns continue to be raised regarding the role of fructose in hypertension. To quantify the association between fructose-containing sugar (high-fructose corn syrup, sucrose, and fructose) intake and incident hypertension, a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was undertaken.
methodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library (through February 5, 2014) were searched for relevant studies. Two independent reviewers reviewed and extracted relevant data. Risk estimates were aggregated comparing the lowest (reference) quintile with highest quintile of intake using inverse variance random effect models and expressed as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Interstudy heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I(2) statistic). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessed study quality. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01608620.
resultsEligibility criteria were met by 3 prospective cohorts (n = 37,375 men and 185,855 women) with 58,162 cases of hypertension observed over 2,502,357 person-years of follow-up. Median fructose intake was 5.7-6.0% total energy in the lowest quintile and 13.9-14.3% total energy in the highest quintile. Fructose intake was not associated with incident hypertension (RR = 1.02, 95% CI, 0.99-1.04), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I(2) = 0%, p = 0.59). Spline curve modeling showed a U-shaped relationship with a negative association at intakes ≤50th percentile (∼10% total energy) and a positive association at higher intakes.
conclusionsTotal fructose intake was not associated with an increased risk of hypertension in 3 large prospective cohorts of U.S. men and women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.