ReviewJournal of extracellular vesicles2014
Routes and mechanisms of extracellular vesicle uptake.
Review in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,727 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,727 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,717 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing exosomes in dry eye disease: a triple threat approach.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Applications of Exosomes in Female Medicine: A Systematic Review of Molecular Biology, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Global research trends and hotspots of exosome-mediated drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier: a bibliometric study from 2015 to 2025.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Small extracellular vesicles: connecting early life exposure outcomes to air pollution during pregnancy to early childhood health.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Pooled it
- Circulating Metabolites Treat Human TMJ-OA by Eliminating Senescent Chondrocytes via the C1QBP/C1q/p14ARF Axis.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Trial
- Functions of exosome-derived noncoding RNA-encoded polypeptides/proteins in human diseases.Genes & diseases · 2027Review
- Gut-derived bacterial extracellular vesicles: the microbial dark matter contributing to host inflammation and cardiometabolic disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Small extracellular vesicles from DENV2-infected C6/36 cells show viral infectionEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Friends or Foes?Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Endogenous Trigeminal Neurons Induce Schwann Differentiation of Donor Stem Cells in Dental Pulp Regeneration via Reciprocal Extracellular Vesicles Interplay.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Article
- Article
- Curcuma-derived nanovesicle-loaded ROS-responsive hydrogels reprogram iron metabolism to enhance cartilage regeneration after microfracture.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Heparin Can Augment Extracellular Vesicle Yield by Inhibiting Reuptake in Donor Cells During Cell Propagation.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- A Novel Reporter Mouse for Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Enrichment of Cargo at Neuronal Mitochondria.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Extracellular vesicles in targeted drug delivery: from biological functions to surface engineering.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Beyond Exosomes: Biological Properties, Isolation Challenges, and Functional Redefinition of Non-Vesicular Extracellular Nanoparticles (NVEPs).Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Biology and Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes, Targeted Drug Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine beyond carriers - devices, cells & living therapeutics.Biomedical microdevices · 2026Review
- MSC EVs Deliver miRNAs into Cardiomyocytes via EIPA-Sensitive and Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
1,667 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by donor cells that can be taken up by recipient cells. Despite their discovery decades ago, it has only recently become apparent that EVs play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. EVs can carry a range of nucleic acids and proteins which can have a significant impact on the phenotype of the recipient. For this phenotypic effect to occur, EVs need to fuse with target cell membranes, either directly with the plasma membrane or with the endosomal membrane after endocytic uptake. EVs are of therapeutic interest because they are deregulated in diseases such as cancer and they could be harnessed to deliver drugs to target cells. It is therefore important to understand the molecular mechanisms by which EVs are taken up into cells. This comprehensive review summarizes current knowledge of EV uptake mechanisms. Cells appear to take up EVs by a variety of endocytic pathways, including clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and clathrin-independent pathways such as caveolin-mediated uptake, macropinocytosis, phagocytosis, and lipid raft-mediated internalization. Indeed, it seems likely that a heterogeneous population of EVs may gain entry into a cell via more than one route. The uptake mechanism used by a given EV may depend on proteins and glycoproteins found on the surface of both the vesicle and the target cell. Further research is needed to understand the precise rules that underpin EV entry into cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.