ReviewNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2014
Post-traumatic epilepsy: current and emerging treatment options.
Review in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical risk factors for post-traumatic seizures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Levetiracetam Versus Phenytoin for Seizure Prophylaxis Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.CNS drugs · 2016Pooled it
- Rehabilitation After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury with Acute Symptomatic Seizure: Neurofeedback and Motor Therapy in a 6-Month Follow-Up Case Study.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Old Lesions and New Targets: sEEG-Identified Onsets in Traditionally Inoperable Epilepsy Lesions and Associated Surgical Outcomes.Pediatric neurosurgery · 2026Review
- Review
- Neuroprotective effect of Berberine Nanoparticles Against Seizures in Pentylenetetrazole Induced Kindling Model of Epileptogenesis: Role of Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms.Neurochemical research · 2023Article
- Association of Early Seizure Prophylaxis With Posttraumatic Seizures and Mortality: A Meta-analysis With Evidence Quality Assessment.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2023Review
- Article
- Jujuboside A Exhibits an Antiepileptogenic Effect in the Rat Model via Protection against Traumatic Epilepsy-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Pharmacological management of post-traumatic seizures in a South African paediatric intensive care unit.The Southern African journal of critical care : the official journal of the Critical Care Society · 2022Article
- Short- and Long-Range Connections Differentially Modulate the Dynamics and State of Small-World Networks.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2021Article
- Neuropathophysiological Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies for Post-traumatic Epilepsy.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2021Review
- Combination Therapy of Gabapentin and N-Acetylcysteine Against Posttraumatic Epilepsy in Rats.Neurochemical research · 2020Article
- Anti-Epileptogenic Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury in military personnel: An overview.Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia · 2019Review
- TBI Rehabilomics Research: Conceptualizing a humoral triad for designing effective rehabilitation interventions.Neuropharmacology · 2019Review
- Baicalein Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in FeClFrontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
- Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury-associated epilepsy and early use of anti-epilepsy drugs: An analysis of insurance claims data, 2004-2014.Epilepsy research · 2018Article
- Early Seizure Prophylaxis in Traumatic Brain Injuries Revisited: A Prospective Observational Study.World journal of surgery · 2018Observational
- egl-4 modulates electroconvulsive seizure duration in C. elegans.Invertebrate neuroscience : IN · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to many undesired problems and complications, including immediate and long-term seizures/epilepsy, changes in mood, behavioral, and personality problems, cognitive and motor deficits, movement disorders, and sleep problems. Clinicians involved in the treatment of patients with acute TBI need to be aware of a number of issues, including the incidence and prevalence of early seizures and post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), comorbidities associated with seizures and anticonvulsant therapies, and factors that can contribute to their emergence. While strong scientific evidence for early seizure prevention in TBI is available for phenytoin (PHT), other antiepileptic medications, eg, levetiracetam (LEV), are also being utilized in clinical settings. The use of PHT has its drawbacks, including cognitive side effects and effects on function recovery. Rates of recovery after TBI are expected to plateau after a certain period of time. Nevertheless, some patients continue to improve while others deteriorate without any clear contributing factors. Thus, one must ask, 'Are there any actions that can be taken to decrease the chance of post-traumatic seizures and epilepsy while minimizing potential short- and long-term effects of anticonvulsants?' While the answer is 'probably,' more evidence is needed to replace PHT with LEV on a permanent basis. Some have proposed studies to address this issue, while others look toward different options, including other anticonvulsants (eg, perampanel or other AMPA antagonists), or less established treatments (eg, ketamine). In this review, we focus on a comparison of the use of PHT versus LEV in the acute TBI setting and summarize the clinical aspects of seizure prevention in humans with appropriate, but general, references to the animal literature.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.