ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2015
Framing Pictorial Cigarette Warning Labels to Motivate Young Smokers to Quit.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use and effectiveness of behavioural economics in interventions for lifestyle risk factors of non-communicable diseases: a systematic review with policy implications.Perspectives in public health · 2018Pooled it
- Differential Responses to Cigarette Package Labeling Alternatives Among Adults Who Smoke: Results From a Randomized Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- User-Centered Design to Develop Automated Short Message Service Messaging for Patient Support of Rheumatic Heart Disease Secondary Antibiotic Prophylaxis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Trial
- Combining Inserts With Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs to Promote Smoking Cessation: A 2-Week Randomized Trial.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2024Trial
- Mediational Effects on Motivation to Quit Smoking After Exposure to a Cigarette Pictorial Warning Label Among Young Adults.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2022Trial
- Longitudinal effects of cigarette pictorial warning labels among young adults.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2022Trial
- The Effects of Gain-, Loss-, and Balanced-Framed Messages for Preventing Indoor Tanning among Young Adult Women.Journal of health communication · 2017Trial
- The influence of framed messages and self-affirmation on indoor tanning behavioral intentions in 18- to 30-year-old women.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2016Trial
- Exposure to graphic warning labels on cigarette packages: Effects on implicit and explicit attitudes towards smoking among young adults.Psychology & health · 2016Trial
- Framing Indoor Tanning Warning Messages to Reduce Skin Cancer Risks Among Young Women: Implications for Research and Policy.American journal of public health · 2015Trial
- Framing effects on smoking cessation intentions: A quasi-experimental study of gain- versus loss-framed text messages among male smokers in China.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Expanding behavioral interventions through cancer warning labels in India: from cigarette packs to alcohol bottles.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Advancements in Cardiovascular Disease Research Affected by Smoking.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Awareness of alcohol as a breast cancer risk factor and intentions to reduce alcohol consumption among U.S. young adult women.Translational behavioral medicine · 2023Article
- Correlates of motivation to quit waterpipe tobacco smoking among US young adults: implications for cessation interventions.Health education research · 2023Article
- Tailored Cigarette Warning Messages: How Individualized Loss Aversion and Delay Discounting Rates Can Influence Perceived Message Effectiveness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Effects of pictorial warning label message framing and standardized packaging on cigarette packaging appeal among young adult smokers.Addictive behaviors · 2021Article
- Developing Messaging Content for a Physical Activity Smartphone App Tailored to Low-Income Patients: User-Centered Design and Crowdsourcing Approach.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2021Article
- Responses to Graphic Warning Labels among Low-income Smokers.American journal of health behavior · 2020Article
- Creating a Theoretically Grounded, Gamified Health App: Lessons From Developing the Cigbreak Smoking Cessation Mobile Phone Game.JMIR serious games · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act requires new pictorial warnings for U.S. cigarette packs, but enactment has been delayed by tobacco industry lawsuits. Research can inform implementation of the pictorial warning requirement and identify ways to optimize their public health impact post-implementation. This study investigated the impact of warning label message framing on young smokers' motivation to quit, examining cessation self-efficacy, and perceived risks as moderators of message framing impact.
methodsSmokers ages 18-30 (n = 740) completed baseline measures and were randomized to view 4 images of cigarette packs with pictorial health warnings featuring gain- or loss-framed messages. Motivation to quit was assessed after participants viewed the pack images. Linear models accounting for repeated measures and adjusting for baseline covariates examined the impact of message framing and interactions with baseline self-efficacy to quit and perceived risks of smoking.
resultsLoss-framed warnings prompted significantly greater motivation to quit among smokers with high self-efficacy compared with smokers with low self-efficacy. Among smokers with low self-efficacy, gain-framed messages were superior to loss-framed messages. Gain-framed warnings generated significantly greater motivation to quit among smokers with high perceived risks compared with smokers with low perceived risks. Among smokers with high perceived risks, gain-framed messages were superior to loss-framed messages.
conclusionsA combination of pictorial warnings featuring risk-based (i.e., loss-framed) and efficacy-enhancing (i.e., gain-framed) information may promote better public health outcomes. Research is needed to investigate how strategically framed warning messages impact smokers' behaviors based on their pre-existing attitudes and beliefs in real-world settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.