ArticleBMC ophthalmology2014
Prevalence of retinopathy among adults with self-reported diabetes mellitus: the Sri Lanka diabetes and Cardiovascular Study.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2019Pooled it
- Using artificial intelligence-assisted retinal imaging devices operated by non-specialist workers in detecting diabetic retinopathy in Sri Lanka.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Pattern and Prevalence of Retinal Vein Occlusion in Bhutan: A 3-Year National Survey at Vitreoretinal Clinics.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Duration of Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Retinal Microvasculature Alterations Detected with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients without Clinical Retinopathy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in rural Pakistan: A population based cross-sectional study.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Male sex increases the risk of diabetic retinopathy in an urban safety-net hospital population without impacting the relationship between axial length and retinopathy.Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- Availability of eye care infrastructure and human resources for managing diabetic retinopathy in the western province of Sri Lanka.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Diabetic Nephropathy versus Diabetic Retinopathy in a Chinese Population: A Retrospective Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2019Article
- Does a diabetic retinopathy educational program raise awareness among elderly diabetic patients?Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2019Article
- A qualitative study on barriers and enablers to uptake of diabetic retinopathy screening by people with diabetes in the Western Province of Sri Lanka.Tropical medicine and health · 2019Article
- Prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its complications in India and economic costs to the nation.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2017Review
- Characteristics of diabetic nephropathy patients without diabetic retinopathy: A retrospective observational study.Medicine · 2017Observational
- Diabetic care initiatives to prevent blindness from diabetic retinopathy in India.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2016Article
- Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and related vision loss.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2015Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAt present there are no large scale nationally-representative studies from Sri Lanka on the prevalence and associations of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for DR in a community-based nationally-representative sample of adults with self-reported diabetes mellitus from Sri Lanka.
methodsA cross-sectional community-based national study among 5,000 adults (≥18 years) was conducted in Sri Lanka, using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Ophthalmological evaluation of patients with 'known' diabetes (previously diagnosed at a government hospital or by a registered medical practitioner) was done using indirect ophthalmoscopy. A binary-logistic regression analysis was performed with 'presence of DR' as the dichotomous dependent variable and other independent covariates.
resultsCrude prevalence of diabetes was 12.0% (n = 536), of which 344 were patients with 'known' diabetes. Mean age was 56.4 ± 10.9 years and 37.3% were males. Prevalence of any degree of DR was 27.4% (Males-30.5%, Females-25.6%; p = 0.41). In patients with DR, majority had NPDR (93.4%), while 5.3% had maculopathy. Patients with DR had a significantly longer duration of diabetes than those without. In the binary-logistic regression analysis in all adults duration of diabetes (OR:1.07), current smoking (OR:1.67) and peripheral neuropathy (OR:1.72) all were significantly associated with DR.
conclusionsNearly 1/3rd of Sri Lankan adults with self-reported diabetes are having retinopathy. DR was associated with diabetes duration, cigarette smoking and peripheral neuropathy. However, further prospective follow up studies are required to establish causality for identified risk factors.
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