ReviewThe Lancet. Neurology2014
Multiple sclerosis in children: an update on clinical diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and research.
Review in The Lancet. Neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Evidence for a causal relationship between low vitamin D, high BMI, and pediatric-onset MS.Neurology · 2017Pooled it
- The usefulness of immunotherapy in pediatric neurodegenerative disorders: A systematic review of literature data.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Pooled it
- A multicentre, prospective, randomized, open-label pragmatic trial to compare the effectiveness and safety of interferon beta-1a and glatiramer-acetate in paediatric patients affected by Multiple Sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Trial
- Epigenetic Insights in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: DNA Methylation Highlights an Involvement of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Host Immune Networks.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Exploring Healthcare Continuity in Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis in the United States.Annals of the Child Neurology Society · 2026Article
- A target trial emulation of the CONFIRM study with an extension to subgroups: an example for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk of Different Comorbidity Categories in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Timing and Predictive Value of Clinical Conditions Preceding Multiple Sclerosis in the UK Biobank.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Functional and Structural Alterations in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and a Preliminary Activation Likelihood Estimation Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Meta-Analysis.Pediatric reports · 2025Review
- Sleep Disorders in a Sample of Patients with Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: Focus on Restless Legs Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Pediatric Neuroimaging of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroinflammatory Diseases.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2024Review
- Review of evidence linking exposure to environmental stressors and associated alterations in the dynamics of immunosenescence (ISC) with the global increase in multiple sclerosis (MS).Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Review
- Physical activity and functional limitations in pediatric multiple sclerosis: Are fatigue and depression confounding variables?Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine · 2024Observational
- Old and New Strategies in the Treatment of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: A Personal View for a New Treatment Approach.Neurology and therapy · 2024Article
- EARLY ONSET OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS - CLINICAL FEATURES.Acta clinica Croatica · 2024Article
- Multiple sclerosis in a 4-year-old boy: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Characteristics of the Manifestation of Multiple Sclerosis in Children in Lithuania.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Alemtuzumab following natalizumab is more effective in adult-onset than paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2023Article
- Evaluation of inflammatory acquired demyelinating syndromes in children: a single-center experience.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2022Article
- A combination of Q-TOF LC/MS and LC-MS/MS based metabolomics in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis demonstrates potential biomarkers for unclassified patients.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2022Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The clinical features, diagnostic challenges, neuroimaging appearance, therapeutic options, and pathobiological research progress in childhood-and adolescent-onset multiple sclerosis have been informed by many new insights in the past 7 years. National programmes in several countries, collaborative research efforts, and an established international paediatric multiple sclerosis study group have contributed to revised clinical diagnostic definitions, identified clinical features of multiple sclerosis that differ by age of onset, and made recommendations regarding the treatment of paediatric multiple sclerosis. The relative risks conveyed by genetic and environmental factors to paediatric multiple sclerosis have been the subject of several large cohort studies. MRI features have been characterised in terms of qualitative descriptions of lesion distribution and applicability of MRI aspects to multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria, and quantitative studies have assessed total lesion burden and the effect of the disease on global and regional brain volume. Humoral-based and cell-based assays have identified antibodies against myelin, potassium-channel proteins, and T-cell profiles that support an adult-like T-cell repertoire and cellular reactivity against myelin in paediatric patients with multiple sclerosis. Finally, the safety and efficacy of standard first-line therapies in paediatric multiple sclerosis populations are now appreciated in more detail, and consensus views on the future conduct and feasibility of phase 3 trials for new drugs have been proposed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.