ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2014
Socioeconomic status and the incidence of atrial fibrillation in whites and blacks: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are socio-economic inequalities related to cardiovascular disease risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Are cardiovascular risk factors also associated with the incidence of atrial fibrillation? A systematic review and field synopsis of 23 factors in 32 population-based cohorts of 20 million participants.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2017Pooled it
- European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EACPR) position paper on how to prevent atrial fibrillation endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS).Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2017Guideline
- European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EACPR) position paper on how to prevent atrial fibrillation endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS).European journal of preventive cardiology · 2017Guideline
- Associations of Lipoprotein(a) Levels With Incident Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke: The ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Trial
- Atrial ectopy as a mediator of the association between race and atrial fibrillation.Heart rhythm · 2017Trial
- Social determinants of health across the lifecourse and chronic disease risk: available data and seminal findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Review
- Left ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction predict cognitive decline in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Global Epidemiological Transition of Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter (1990-2021): Multidimensional Burden Dynamics and Socioeconomic Health Gradients Across 204 Countries and Territories.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Malnutrition increases the risk of atrial fibrillation.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Observational
- Sex-specific trends in the global burden and risk factors of atrial fibrillation and flutter from 1990 to 2021.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Social drivers in atrial fibrillation occurrence, screening, treatment, and outcomes: systematic-narrative hybrid review.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Income in Relation to Psychosocial Factors Among Stroke Survivors using Smartwatches for Atrial Fibrillation Monitoring.Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Emergency Department Visits in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Machine learning-based identification of risk-factor signatures for undiagnosed atrial fibrillation in primary prevention and post-stroke in clinical practice.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2022Article
- Association Between Neighborhood-Level Poverty and Incident Atrial Fibrillation: a Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Article
- Thirty-Year Trends in the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation: The ARIC Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- The association of education and household income with the lifetime risk of incident atrial fibrillation: The Framingham Heart study.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2022Article
- The impact of socioeconomic deprivation on the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes mellitus: A nationwide population-based study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNo previous studies have examined the interplay among socioeconomic status, sex, and race with the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND
resultsWe prospectively followed 14 352 persons (25% black, 75% white, 55% women, mean age 54 years) who were free of AF and participating in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Socioeconomic status was assessed at baseline (1987-1989) through educational level and total family income. Incident AF through 2009 was ascertained from electrocardiograms, hospitalizations, and death certificates. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs of AF for education and family income. Interactions were tested between socioeconomic status and age, race, or sex. Over a median follow-up of 20.6 years, 1794 AF cases occurred. Lower family income was associated with higher AF risk (hazard ratio 1.45, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.67 in those with income less than $25 000 per year compared with those with $50 000 or more per year). The association between education and AF risk varied by sex (P=0.01), with the lowest education group associated with higher AF risk in women (hazard ratio 1.88, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.28) but not in men (hazard ratio 1.15, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.36) compared with the highest education group. Adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors attenuated the associations. There were no interactions with race or age. Blacks had lower AF risk than whites in all income and education groups.
conclusionsLower family income was associated with a higher AF risk overall, whereas the impact of education on AF risk was present only in women. Differences in socioeconomic status do not explain the lower risk of AF in blacks compared with whites.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.