ArticleReproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E2014
Follicular fluid placental growth factor is increased in polycystic ovarian syndrome: correlation with ovarian stimulation.
Article in Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of GnRH Agonist (Long Protocol) vs GnRH Antagonist (Flexible Protocol) on IVF/ICSI Outcomes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients.
PEPPI Study: Identification of Women at Risk for Placental Dysfunction During the First and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic profiling of human follicular fluid to unravel the pathways involved in polycystic ovary syndrome - a systematic review.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Follicular fluid composition and reproductive outcomes of women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization: A systematic review.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2023Pooled it
- Association between VEGF gene polymorphisms (11 sites) and polycystic ovary syndrome risk.Bioscience reports · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins α and β Regulate Ovulation and Gene Expression via Dose- and Stage-Dependent Mechanisms.Endocrinology · 2025Article
- The Molecular Basis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Cardiometabolic Correlates: Exploring the Intersection and Its Clinical Implications-A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Polycystic ovary syndrome and epithelial-mesenchymal transition: Mendelian randomization and single-cell analysis insights.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Article
- High-Fat Diet and Female Fertility across Lifespan: A Comparative Lesson from Mammal Models.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Follicular fluid PlGF and IVF/ICSI outcomes among PCOS and normo-ovulatory women using different controlled hyperstimulation protocols: A prospective case-control study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Comprehensive Assessment of the STIMs and Orais Expression in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Human Embryo Implantation: Clinical Implications.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Ovulation: Parallels With Inflammatory Processes.Endocrine reviews · 2019Review
- Concentration of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in the pre-ovulatory follicular fluid is associated with development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome during ovarian stimulation.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2018Article
- Placental Growth Factor Is Required for Ovulation, Luteinization, and Angiogenesis in Primate Ovulatory Follicles.Endocrinology · 2018Article
- Genome-Wide Association Analyses Highlight the Potential for Different Genetic Mechanisms for Litter Size Among Sheep Breeds.Frontiers in genetics · 2018Article
- Follicular fluid PlGF/sFlt-1 ratio and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products correlate with ovarian sensitivity index in women undergoing A.R.T.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2017Article
- Follicular fluid soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE): a potential protective role in polycystic ovary syndrome.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by increased ovarian angiogenesis and vascularity. Accumulating evidence indicates that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is increased in PCOS and may play an important role in these vascular changes and the pathogenesis of this disease. Placental growth factor (PlGF), a VEGF family member, has not been previously characterized in PCOS women. We investigated levels and temporal expression patterns of PlGF and its soluble receptor sFlt-1 (soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase) in serum and follicular fluid (FF) of women with PCOS during controlled ovarian stimulation.
methodsThis was a prospective cohort study of 14 PCOS women (Rotterdam criteria) and 14 matched controls undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation. Serum was collected on day 3, day of hCG and day of oocyte retrieval. FF was collected on retrieval day. PlGF, sFlt-1 and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) protein concentrations were measured using ELISA. Since sFlt-1 binds free PlGF, preventing its signal transduction, we calculated PlGF bioavailability as PlGF/sFlt-1 ratio.
resultsSerum PlGF and sFlt-1 levels were constant throughout controlled ovarian stimulation, and no significant differences were observed in either factor in PCOS women compared with non-PCOS controls at all three measured time points. However, FF PlGF levels were increased 1.5-fold in PCOS women compared with controls (p < 0.01). Moreover, FF PlGF correlated positively with number of oocytes retrieved and the ovarian reserve marker anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and negatively with age. In addition, FF sFlt-1 levels were decreased 1.4-fold in PCOS women compared to controls (p = 0.04). PlGF bioavailability in FF was significantly greater (2-fold) in PCOS women compared with non-PCOS controls (p < 0.01).
conclusionsThese data provide evidence that FF PlGF correlates with ovarian stimulation and that its bioavailability is increased in women with PCOS undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation. This suggests that PlGF may play a role in PCOS pathogenesis and its angiogenic dysregulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.