ArticleIranian journal of basic medical sciences2014
The effects of tramadol on norepinephrine and MHPG releasing in locus coeruleus in formalin test in rats: a brain stereotaxic study.
Article in Iranian journal of basic medical sciences, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of intra-cerebroventricular injection of insulin on the levels of monoamines on the raphe magnus nucleus of non-diabetic and short-term diabetic rats in the formalin test.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2019Article
- Levetiracetam Protects Against Cognitive Impairment of Subthreshold Convulsant Discharge Model Rats by Activating Protein Kinase C (PKC)-Growth-Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43)-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase (CaMK) Signal Transduction Pathway.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2019Article
- Effect of chrysin on nociception in formalin test and serum levels of noradrenalin and corticosterone in rats.International journal of clinical and experimental medicine · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe relationship between tramadol, as an antinociceptive drug, and locus coeruleus (LC), the main noradrenergic nucleus of the brain that affects regulation and modulation of pain through descending noradrenergic pathways was investigated. MATERIALS AND
methodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of 10 rats. The rats were fixed in stereotaxic instrument and then a probe was inserted into LC. Pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of 50 μl of 2.5% formalin 40 minutes after initiation of microdialysis in right hind paw, and nociceptive pain scores were calculated every 5 minutes. Subsequently noradrenaline (NA) and its metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), were collected and measured by microdialysis of locus coeruleus in freely moving rats every 15 minutes during formalin injection.
resultsNociceptive pain scores observed in formalin test had the highest nociceptive sensation 5 minutes after injection. Significant rises in concentrations of NA and MHPG, in samples taken between 30 and 45 min after initiation of the locus coeruleus microdialysis, coincided with the peak of the pain after injection of formalin.
conclusionAccording to concurrency of the highest nociceptive sensation and peak of NE and MHPG concentrations, tramadol can indirectly affect the LC by blocking the pain signals from different parts of the brain such as periaqueductal gray mater, central nucleus of amygdale or the spinal cord.
Indexed as
Identifiers
25140203PMC4137945W2149359791What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.