ArticleJournal of leukocyte biology2014
The mucosal expression pattern of interferon-ε in rhesus macaques.
Article in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age-dependent expression and antiviral activity of interferon epsilon in respiratory epithelium.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Article
- Decidual Cells Induce Release of Free and Exosome-Bound Interferon Epsilon From Vaginal Epithelial Cells.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Article
- Interferon Epsilon-Mediated Antiviral Activity Against Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Vaccines · 2024Article
- An RNA-Seq analysis of coronavirus in the skin of the Pangolin.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Expression of Interferon Epsilon in Mucosal Epithelium is Regulated by Elf3.Molecular and cellular biology · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal regulation of human IFN-ε and innate immunity in the female reproductive tract.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Cytokines and microRNAs in SARS-CoV-2: What do we know?Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Review
- Spatially Resolved and Highly Multiplexed Protein and RNA In Situ Detection by Combining CODEX With RNAscope In Situ Hybridization.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2022Article
- Interferon Epsilon Signaling Confers Attenuated Zika Replication in Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- The regulation of antiviral activity of interferon epsilon.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Isolation and characterization of the mink interferon-epsilon gene and its antiviral activity.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Evolving Reality, Global Response, Knowledge Gaps, and Opportunities.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2020Review
- Context Is Key: Delineating the Unique Functions of IFNα and IFNβ in Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Article
- Interferon epsilon mRNA expression could represent a potential molecular marker in cervical cancer.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2018Article
- Interferon epsilon promotes HIV restriction at multiple steps of viral replication.Immunology and cell biology · 2017Article
- IFN-JCI insight · 2016Article
- Pangolin genomes and the evolution of mammalian scales and immunity.Genome research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Type I IFNs play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity against viral infections. A novel type I IFN, namely IFN-ε, which can protect against vaginal transmission of HSV2 and Chlamydia muridarum bacterial infection, has been described in mice and humans. Nevertheless, the principle cell type and the expression pattern of IFN-ε in tissues remain uncertain. In addition, the expression of IFN-ε in Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) has not been reported. Here, we analyzed IFN-ε expression in multiple mucosal sites of uninfected or SIV-infected Indian rhesus macaques using IHCS. We report for the first time the detection of IFN-ε expression in situ in the lung, foreskin, vaginal, cervical, and small and large intestinal mucosae of rhesus macaques. We found that the expression of IFN-ε was exclusive to the epithelial cells in all of the aforementioned mucosal tissues. Furthermore, the macaque IFN-ε sequence in this study revealed that macaque IFN-ε is highly conserved among human and other nonhuman primates. Lastly, SIV rectal infection did not significantly alter the expression of IFN-ε in rectal mucosae. Together, these findings indicate that IFN-ε may function as the first line of defense against the invasion of mucosal pathogens. Further studies should be conducted to examine IFN-ε protection against gastrointestinal as well as respiratory infections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.