ReviewCellular and molecular neurobiology2014
The retrovirus/superantigen hypothesis of multiple sclerosis.
Review in Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Association of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W (HERV-W) Copies with Pemphigus Vulgaris.Current molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Switching Sides: How Endogenous Retroviruses Protect Us from Viral Infections.Journal of virology · 2021Review
- Review
- Overexpression of Endogenous Retroviruses and Malignancy Markers in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines by Medium-Induced Microenvironmental Changes.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Identification of Differentially Expressed Human Endogenous Retrovirus Families in Human Leukemia and Lymphoma Cell Lines and Stem Cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Do Human Endogenous Retroviruses Contribute to Multiple Sclerosis, and if So, How?Molecular neurobiology · 2019Review
- Pathogen infection and autoimmune disease.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Article
- Genetic Determinants of Antibody Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Multiple Sclerosis: Possible Links to Endogenous Retroviruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Critical Review on Zeolite Clinoptilolite Safety and Medical ApplicationsFrontiers in pharmacology · 2018Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Their Putative Role in the Development of Autoimmune Disorders Such as Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Investigation of Endogenous Retrovirus Sequences in the Neighborhood of Genes Up-regulated in a Neuroblastoma Model after Treatment with Hypoxia-Mimetic Cobalt Chloride.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- HERV Envelope Proteins: Physiological Role and Pathogenic Potential in Cancer and Autoimmunity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses Are Ancient Acquired Elements Still Shaping Innate Immune Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Treatment of Theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease with teriflunomide.Journal of neurovirology · 2017Article
- Viruses and Multiple Sclerosis: From Mechanisms and Pathways to Translational Research Opportunities.Molecular neurobiology · 2017Review
- Recent progress in translational research on neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.Restorative neurology and neuroscience · 2017Review
- Cooccurrences of Putative Endogenous Retrovirus-Associated Diseases.BioMed research international · 2017Review
- A survey of endogenous retrovirus (ERV) sequences in the vicinity of multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).Molecular biology reports · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is as yet unknown. Commonly, MS is assumed to be due to an autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). Neurodegeneration is regarded to be a secondary reaction. This concept is increasingly being challenged. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) that could be locally activated in the CNS have been proposed as an alternative concept. HERV-encoded envelope proteins (env) can act as strong immune stimulators (superantigens). Thus, slow disease progression following neurodegeneration might be induced by re-activation of HERV expression directly, while relapses in parallel to inflammation might be secondary to the expression of HERV-encoded superantigens. It has been shown previously that T-cell superantigens are capable to induce a cellular inflammatory reaction in the CNS of experimental animals similar to that in MS. Furthermore, B-cell superantigens have been shown to activate blood leucocytes in vitro to produce immunoglobulin in an oligoclonal manner. It remains to be established, whether the outlined hypothesis accords with all known features of MS. Furthermore, anti-HERV agents may be taken into consideration to enrich and improve MS therapy.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.