ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2016
Poor dietary diversity and low nutrient density of the complementary diet for 6- to 24-month-old children in urban and rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of dietary diversity and odds of anemia in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Does the high dietary diversity score predict dietary micronutrients adequacy in children under 5 years old? A systematic review.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Parental considerations during complementary feeding in higher income countries: a systematic review of qualitative evidence.Public health nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Snack food and beverage consumption and young child nutrition in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of behavioural change communication through women development army on optimal complementary feeding practice among children aged 6-23 months in Southwest Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled trial.Nutrition journal · 2025Trial
- Impacts of an egg intervention on nutrient adequacy among young Malawian children.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Trial
- Contribution of commercial infant products and fortified staple foods to nutrient intake at ages 6, 12, and 18 months in a cohort of children from a low socio-economic community in South Africa.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Trial
- Farming Systems, Food Security, Dietary Intakes, and Nutrition Status Among Young Children in Rural Tanzania Before and After Harvest.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Dietary Diversity and Associated Factors Among Children in the Tahtay Maichew District, Northern Ethiopia.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Article
- Acute Malnutrition in Under-Five Children in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Risk Factors and Implications for Dietary Quality.Nutrients · 2025Article
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- Illustration of a process for the calculation and validation of minimum dietary diversity indicators using an existing dataset of 2 to younger than 10-year-old children.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Growth parameters and food frequently consumed by Basotho children aged 6-24 months old at Maseru and Leribe districts of Lesotho: A cross-sectional study.Pediatric discovery · 2025Article
- Dietary intake and growth of HIV exposed and unexposed 6-12 months old infants in South Africa.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Investigation of the underlying causes of malnutrition among children in the Nyabihu and Ngororero districts of Rwanda: a cross-sectional descriptive survey design.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
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- Optimal complementary feeding practices of children aged 6-23 months in three agro-ecological rural districts of Jimma zones of southwest Ethiopia.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Article
- Dietary diversity and nutritional status of children attending early childhood development centres in Vhembe District, Limpopo province, South Africa.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infants and toddlers have high nutritional requirements relative to body size but consume small amounts of food and therefore need nutrient-dense complementary foods. A cross-sectional study included children aged 6-24 months, stratified in three age categories (6-11 months, 12-17 months and 18-24 months) and randomly selected from an urban (n = 158) and a rural (n = 158) area, both of low socio-economic status, in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. Dietary diversity and nutrient density of the complementary diet (excluding breast milk and formula milk) based on a repeated 24-h dietary recall was assessed. For breastfeeding children, nutrient density of the complementary diet was adequate for protein, vitamin A and vitamin C; and inadequate for 100% of children for zinc, for >80% of children for calcium, iron and niacin; and between 60% and 80% of children for vitamin B6 and riboflavin. Urban/rural differences in density for animal and plant protein, cholesterol and fibre occurred in 18-24-month-old children. Fewer than 25% of children consumed ≥4 food groups, with no urban/rural differences. Higher dietary diversity was associated with higher nutrient density for protein and several of the micronutrients including calcium, iron and zinc. The poor nutrient density for key micronutrients can probably be ascribed to lack of dietary variety, and little impact of mandatory fortification of maize meal/wheat flour on infants/toddlers' diet. Targeted strategies are needed to enable mothers to feed their children a more varied diet.
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