ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2015
Projection radiography of the clavicle: still recommendable for forensic age diagnostics in living individuals?
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Standards of practice in forensic age estimation with CT of the medial clavicular epiphysis-a systematic review.International journal of legal medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Subclassification of Vieth stage 4 in MRI of the proximal tibial epiphysis: a pilot study for forensic age estimation.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- The time frame of third molar mineralization in a northern chinese population.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- Radiation dose reduction through short scan protocols and arms-out positioning in clavicular CT for forensic age estimation.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Combining medial clavicular epiphysis ossification and clavicle length on conventional radiography for forensic age estimation: A multivariable regression approach.Journal of forensic sciences · 2026Article
- The temporal course of third molar mineralization in a black South African population.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- The role of forensic imaging in the allegations of torture in asylum seekers.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Review
- Development of an open-source 3D imaging method for forensic age estimation based on medial clavicular ossification: assessing area and volume ratios of epiphyses and metaphyses.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- CT of the medial clavicular epiphysis for forensic age estimation - raised arms position recommended.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Age assessment in unaccompanied minors: assessing uniformity of protocols across Europe.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Age Estimation Based on Computed Tomography Analysis of the Scapula.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Machine learning and deep learning enabled age estimation on medial clavicle CT images.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of distal tibial epiphysis and calcaneal epiphysis according to the Vieth method in 3.0 T magnetic resonance images: a pilot study.International journal of legal medicine · 2023Article
- Forensic age estimation in males by MRI based on the medial epiphysis of the clavicle.International journal of legal medicine · 2023Article
- The distal femoral epiphysis in forensic age diagnostics: studies on the evaluation of the ossification process by means of T1- and PD/T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.International journal of legal medicine · 2023Article
- Contribution of the use of clavicle bone density in age estimation.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the proximal tibial epiphysis is suitable for statements as to the question of majority: a validation study in forensic age diagnostics.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Article
- Three-dimensional verification of the radiographic visibility of the root pulp used for forensic age estimation in mandibular third molars.Dento maxillo facial radiology · 2022Article
- Dental age assessment based on the radiographic visibility of the periodontal ligament in lower third molars in a Thai sample.The Journal of forensic odonto-stomatology · 2021Article
- Forensic age estimation in living adolescents with CT imaging of the clavicula-impact of low-dose scanning on readers' confidence.European radiology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As superimposition effects often impede the evaluation of the ossification status of the medial clavicular epiphysis in standard posterior-anterior (PA) radiographs, additional oblique images (right anterior oblique, RAO, and left anterior oblique, LAO) are currently recommended to allow for reliable stage assessments. The present study examines the influence of the radiographic projection type on stage determination. To this end, 836 sternoclavicular joints were prospectively obtained during forensic autopsies of bodies aged between 15 and 30 years. Subsequently, three different radiographs (PA, RAO, and LAO) were taken from each specimen and separately evaluated as to the developmental stage of the medial clavicular epiphysis. A forensically established five-stage classification system was used. In 25 % of the cases, the medial clavicular epiphysis depicted in an oblique projection showed a different ossification stage than in the PA projection. In at least 10 % of the cases, a higher ossification stage was observed which would have significant disadvantages in criminal proceedings (ethically unacceptable error). In conclusion, the usage of the current radiographic reference data, which rely upon chest radiographs taken as PA projections, appears to be inadmissible for oblique projections. Projection radiography of the clavicle can therefore no longer be recommended for forensic age estimation practice. As to the question of whether an individual has achieved the age of 18 or 21, computed tomography of the clavicle must be regarded as the exclusive method of choice.
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