ArticleInfection and immunity2014
Early innate immunity to bacterial infection in the lung is regulated systemically by the commensal microbiota via nod-like receptor ligands.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of a Fermented Dairy Drink ContainingNutrients · 2020Pooled it
- A Rapid Advice Guideline for the Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Through Nutritional Intervention.Current nutrition reports · 2020Guideline
- Alterations of intestinal flora and the effects of probiotics in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2019Trial
- Gut microbiota-derived acetate mitigates Escherichia fergusonii-induced gut dysbiosis exacerbating Klebsiella pneumoniae pulmonary infection in mice.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Microbiota-Immune Crosstalk in Pneumonia and Acute Lung Injury: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Pulmonary microbiota-associated formononetin modulates microglial activation in asthma-related anxiety.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- The intestinal microbiota impacts nutritional immunity and resistance toProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- May nutrients and dietary supplements influence the gut-lung microbiota axis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exacerbations?Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Considering local immunity for innovative immunomodulatory approaches: pulmonary sepsis as a use case.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Macrophages and the microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Biomarkers of Airway Disease, Barrett's and Underdiagnosed Reflux Noninvasively (BAD-BURN) in World Trade Center exposed firefighters: a case-control observational study protocol.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Biomarkers of Airway Disease, Barrett's and Underdiagnosed Reflux Noninvasively (BAD-BURN): a Case-Control Observational Study Protocol.Research square · 2024Article
- The Interplay between Antibiotics and the Host Immune Response in Sepsis: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Considerations: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Lung Microbiome.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Review
- Lung microbiome: new insights into the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Gut microbes improve prognosis ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Research advancements on the diversity and host interaction of gut microbiota in chickens.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Gut microbiome and metabolomics in systemic sclerosis: feature, link and mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- The gut microbiota composition is linked to subsequent occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Funding
Abstract
The commensal microbiota is a major regulator of the immune system. The majority of commensal bacteria inhabit the gastrointestinal tract and are known to regulate local mucosal defenses against intestinal pathogens. There is growing appreciation that the commensal microbiota also regulates immune responses at extraintestinal sites. Currently, however, it is unclear how this influences host defenses against bacterial infection outside the intestine. Microbiota depletion caused significant defects in the early innate response to lung infection by the major human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. After microbiota depletion, early clearance of K. pneumoniae was impaired, and this could be rescued by administration of bacterial Nod-like receptor (NLR) ligands (the NOD1 ligand MurNAcTri(DAP) and NOD2 ligand muramyl dipeptide [MDP]) but not bacterial Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Importantly, NLR ligands from the gastrointestinal, but not upper respiratory, tract rescued host defenses in the lung. Defects in early innate immunity were found to be due to reduced reactive oxygen species-mediated killing of bacteria by alveolar macrophages. These data show that bacterial signals from the intestine have a profound influence on establishing the levels of antibacterial defenses in distal tissues.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.