ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2014
SCM-198 inhibits microglial overactivation and attenuates Aβ(1-40)-induced cognitive impairments in rats via JNK and NF-кB pathways.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research progress on molecular mechanism and future perspectives of leonurine.Frontiers of medicine · 2025Review
- Osteopontin in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and Therapeutic Strategies.Biology · 2025Review
- Anti-TNFα and Anti-IL-1β Monoclonal Antibodies Preserve BV-2 Microglial Homeostasis Under Hypoxia by Mitigating Inflammatory Reactivity and ATF4/MAPK-Mediated Apoptosis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Isosteviol Sodium Promotes Neurological Function Recovery in a Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Neutrophil membrane fusogenic nanoliposomal leonurine for targeted ischemic stroke therapy via remodeling cerebral niche and restoring blood-brain barrier integrity.Materials today. Bio · 2023Article
- Leonurine Alleviates Cognitive Dysfunction and Reduces Oxidative Stress by Activating Nrf-2 Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Article
- Leonurine Regulates Hippocampal Nerve Regeneration in Rats with Chronic and Unpredictable Mild Stress by Activating SHH/GLI Signaling Pathway and Restoring Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolic Homeostasis.Neural plasticity · 2023Article
- Leonurine Attenuates Obesity-Related Vascular Dysfunction and Inflammation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Gramine promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury via ameliorating microglia activation.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Leonurine, a potential drug for the treatment of cardiovascular system and central nervous system diseases.Brain and behavior · 2021Review
- Leonurine: From Gynecologic Medicine to Pleiotropic Agent.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2020Review
- Protective effects of leonurine against ischemic stroke in mice by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2019Article
- Leonurine Exerts Anti-Catabolic and Anti-Apoptotic Effects via Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Signaling Pathways in Chondrocytes.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2019Article
- Leonurine suppresses neuroinflammation through promoting oligodendrocyte maturation.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2019Article
- Neuroprotective Effect of SCM-198 through Stabilizing Endothelial Cell Function.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2019Article
- Early Life Stress and Epigenetics in Late-onset Alzheimer's Dementia: A Systematic Review.Current genomics · 2018Review
- Cofilin Mediates LPS-Induced Microglial Cell Activation and Associated Neurotoxicity Through Activation of NF-κB and JAK-STAT Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Salidroside attenuates neuroinflammation and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury through microglia polarization regulation.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2018Article
- Acetyl-L-Carnitine via Upegulating Dopamine D1 Receptor and Attenuating Microglial Activation Prevents Neuronal Loss and Improves Memory Functions in Parkinsonian Rats.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-L-histidine) improves neurovascular-unit dysfunction and spatial memory in aged AβPPswe/PSEN1dE9 Alzheimer's-model mice.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNeuroinflammation mediated by overactivated microglia plays a key role in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigated for the first time the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and possible mechanisms of SCM-198 (an alkaloid extracted from Herbaleonuri), which was previously found highly cardioprotective, both in vitro and in vivo.
methodsFor in vitro experiments, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or β-amyloid(1-40) (Aβ(1-40)) was applied to induce microglial overactivation. Proinflammatory mediators were measured and activations of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases' (MAPKs) pathways were investigated. Further protective effect of SCM-198 was evaluated in microglia-neuron co-culture assay and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats intrahippocampally-injected with Aβ(1-40).
resultsSCM-198 reduced expressions of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 possibly via, at least partially, inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-κB signaling pathways in microglia. Co-culture assay showed that activated microglia pretreated with SCM-198 led to less neuron loss and decreased phosphorylation of tau and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in neurons. Besides, SCM-198 also directly protected against Aβ(1-40)-induced neuronal death and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in primary cortical neurons. For in vivo studies, SCM-198 significantly enhanced cognitive performances of rats 12 days after intrahippocampal injections of aged Aβ(1-40) peptides in the Morris water maze (MWM), accompanied by less hippocampal microglial activation, decreased synaptophysin loss and phosphorylation of ERK and tau. Co-administration of donepezil and SCM-198 resulted in a slight cognitive improvement in SD rats 50 days after intrahippocampal injections of aged Aβ(1-40) peptides as compared to only donepezil or SCM-198 treated group.
conclusionsOur findings are the first to report that SCM-198 has considerable anti-neuroinflammatory effects on inhibiting microglial overactivation and might become a new potential drug candidate for AD therapy in the future.
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