ArticlePsychopharmacology2015
Effects of mixing alcohol with energy drink on objective and subjective intoxication: results from a Dutch on-premise study.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks (AmED) Use among University Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED): A critical review and meta-analysis.Human psychopharmacology · 2018Pooled it
- Mixing alcohol with energy drink (AMED) and total alcohol consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human psychopharmacology · 2016Pooled it
- Biomolecules and Biomarkers Used in Diagnosis of Alcohol Drinking and in Monitoring Therapeutic Interventions.Biomolecules · 2015Pooled it
- An on-premise study to investigate the effects of mixing alcohol with caffeinated beverages.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
- Effects of Caffeine and Caffeinated Beverages in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults: Short Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Perceived Immune Fitness, Individual Strength and Hangover Severity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Energy Drink Consumption, Depression, and Salutogenic Sense of Coherence Among Adolescents and Young Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Sensitivity to Experiencing Alcohol Hangovers: Reconsideration of the 0.11% Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Threshold for Having a Hangover.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Relationship between Alcohol Hangover and Physical Endurance Performance: Walking the Samaria Gorge.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- Are energy drinks unique mixers in terms of their effects on alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences?International journal of general medicine · 2018Article
- Effects of caffeine on alcohol reinforcement: beverage choice, self-administration, and subjective ratings.Psychopharmacology · 2017Article
- The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2017Review
- Urine ethanol concentration and alcohol hangover severity.Psychopharmacology · 2017Article
- A UK student survey investigating the effects of consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks on overall alcohol consumption and alcohol-related negative consequences.Preventive medicine reports · 2016Article
- Energy drinks mixed with alcohol: are there any risks?Nutrition reviews · 2015Article
- Can energy drinks increase the desire for more alcohol?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2015Review
- Energy drinks and alcohol-related risk among young adults.Substance abuseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this on-premise study was to determine if alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) consumption masks the subjective feelings of intoxication when compared to consuming alcohol only.
methodsThe study was conducted on five nights in the city center of Utrecht. N = 997 people leaving bars were interviewed about their alcohol consumption with and without energy drinks, for that particular evening and for other occasions. People reporting drug and medication use were excluded (N = 84). Subjective intoxication was rated on a 10-point scale. Objective intoxication (breath alcohol concentration, BrAC) was determined with a breath alcohol test. Three groups were identified: (1) the AMED-tonight group (N = 185, 20.2 %), (2) the AMED-other-nights group (N = 246, 27.1 %), and (3) the no-AMED group (N = 482, 52.7 %).
resultsObjective intoxication (BrAC) did not significantly differ (p = 0.94) between the AMED-tonight group (0.074 % ± 0.05), AMED-other-nights group (0.073 % ± 0.05), and the no-AMED group (0.074 % ± 0.05). In line, subjective intoxication was not significantly different (p = 0.96) between the AMED-tonight group (4.5 ± 2.2), AMED-other-nights group (4.6 ± 2.3), and no-AMED group (4.6 ± 2.2). Within-subjects comparisons revealed no significant differences in total alcohol consumption between AMED occasions and alcohol only occasions. Regression analyses showed that "gender" (beta = 0.078, p = 0.016), "time of testing" (beta = 0.085, p = 0.009,) and "BrAC" (beta = 0.574, p = 0.0001) together explained 37.7 % of variance of subjective intoxication scores (Cohen's f (2) = 0.605). Whether or not subjects consumed energy drinks did not predict subjective intoxication scores.
conclusionThe data suggests that mixing alcohol with energy drink does not mask subjective intoxication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.