SynthesisBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2014
Long term maintenance of weight loss with non-surgical interventions in obese adults: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.
Synthesis in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 374 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomised Placebo-controlled Study of Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) to Impact Body Weight and Glycemic Control in Obese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Managing Obesity in People With Chronic Kidney Disease
Impact of Weight Loss From Endoscopic Sleeve Gastropathy (ESG) Plus Life Style Modification VS Life Style Modification Alone on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Patients With Obesity - Randomized Controlled Trial
Family-Based Meal Timing for Cancer Prevention Among Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders: FAMTIME
Who cites it
374 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 810 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Medications for Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Effective Behavior Change Techniques for Successful Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance Among Adults With Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systematic literature review on the awareness of obesity in adults and children living with obesity, the general public and healthcare professionals.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effectiveness of social-support-based weight-loss interventions-a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Pooled it
- Self-determination theory interventions versus usual care in people with diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.Systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Orlistat on anthropometrics and metabolic indices in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2023Pooled it
- Investigating strategies to increase general education teachers' adherence to evidence-based social-emotional behavior practices: A meta-analysis of the single-case literature.Journal of school psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Using health economic modelling to inform the design and development of an intervention: estimating the justifiable cost of weight loss maintenance in the UK.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of semaglutide on weight loss in obese or overweight patients without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association between characteristics of behavioural weight loss programmes and weight change after programme end: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of interventions to increase breakfast consumption: a socio-cognitive perspective.Public health nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Dietary Supplements and Alternative Therapies for Weight Loss.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of different training modalities on anthropometric outcomes in patients with obesity: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of Obesity and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Lynch Syndrome: The Impact of Sex and Genetics.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Use of Mobile Phone App Interventions to Promote Weight Loss: Meta-Analysis.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2020Pooled it
- Third-wave cognitive behaviour therapies for weight management: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2020Pooled it
- The effects of time-restricted eating on energy balance regulation in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Trial
314 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo systematically review and describe currently available approaches to supporting maintenance of weight loss in obese adults and to assess the evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions.
designSystematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were identified through to January 2014. Randomised trials of interventions to maintain weight loss provided to initially obese adults (aged ≥ 18) after weight loss of ≥ 5% body weight with long term (≥ 12 months) follow-up of weight change (main outcome) were included. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS: Potential studies were screened independently and in duplicate; study characteristics and outcomes were extracted. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the effects of interventions on weight loss maintenance with the inverse variance method and a random effects model. Results are presented as mean differences in weight change, with 95% confidence intervals.
results45 trials involving 7788 individuals were included. Behavioural interventions focusing on both food intake and physical activity resulted in an average difference of -1.56 kg (95% confidence interval -2.27 to -0.86 kg; 25 comparisons, 2949 participants) in weight regain compared with controls at 12 months. Orlistat combined with behavioural interventions resulted in a -1.80 kg (-2.54 to -1.06; eight comparisons, 1738 participants) difference compared with placebo at 12 months. All orlistat studies reported higher frequencies of adverse gastrointestinal events in the experimental compared with placebo control groups. A dose-response relation for orlistat treatment was found, with 120 mg doses three times a day leading to greater weight loss maintenance (-2.34 kg, -3.03 to -1.65) compared with 60 mg and 30 mg three times a day (-0.70 kg, 95% confidence interval -1.92 to 0.52), P=0.02.
conclusionsBehavioural interventions that deal with both diet and physical activity show small but significant benefits on weight loss maintenance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.