SynthesisExperimental and clinical psychopharmacology2014
Consideration of sex in clinical trials of transdermal nicotine patch: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of possible serious adverse health effects of nicotine replacement therapy.Archives of toxicology · 2017Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Tobacco Use Among Persons Living With HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Varenicline Efficacy for Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Pooled it
- Daily adherence to nicotine replacement therapy in low-income smokers: The role of gender, negative mood, motivation, and self-efficacy.Addictive behaviors · 2023Trial
- Feasibility and acceptability of testing a menstrual-cycle timed smoking cessation intervention for women of reproductive age (Project Phase): Results of a pilot randomized control trial.Addictive behaviors · 2022Trial
- Clinical and preclinical evidence of sex differences in nicotine-induced enhancement of alcohol self-administration.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Is It Time to Update Clinical Care Guidelines to Address Sex and Gender Differences in Smoking Cessation Medication Efficacy?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Predictive Factors for Smoking Cessation Among People With Lung Cancer Attending French Cessation Services, According to Sex.JTO clinical and research reports · 2025Article
- An overview of traditional smoking cessation interventions and E-cigarettes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Gender, smoking, and tobacco cessation with pharmacological treatment in a cluster randomized clinical trial.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- The role of sex hormones in targeting stress-induced tobacco craving, stress-reactivity, and smoking with guanfacine among women who smoke.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Sex effects in predictors of smoking abstinence and neuropsychiatric adverse events in the EAGLES trial.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Consideration of sex and gender differences in addiction medication response.Biology of sex differences · 2022Review
- Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Use and Pregnancy I: ENDS Use Behavior During Pregnancy.Current addiction reports · 2021Article
- Sex Differences in the Association of Cigarette Craving With Insula Structure.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Article
- One-Year Smoking Trajectories Among Established Adult Smokers With Low Baseline Motivation to Quit.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Basal Nucleus of Meynert in Cigarette Smokers: Dependence Level and Gender Differences.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- How Intravenous Nicotine Administration in Smokers Can Inform Tobacco Regulatory Science.Tobacco regulatory science · 2016Article
- Effects of intimate partner violence, PTSD, and alcohol use on cigarette smoking in a nationally representative sample.The American journal on addictions · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Transdermal nicotine patch (TNP) is 1 of the most commonly used smoking cessation treatments; however, the efficacy of TNP by sex is not yet clear. The purpose of the current review was to synthesize how sex has been considered in published clinical trials of TNP for smoking cessation. The specific aims of the study were to examine the inclusion of sex in analyses of cessation outcomes, TNP-related variables (compliance, side effects), and quit-related variables (withdrawal, cravings); to review the consideration of sex-related variables (menstrual cycle phase, pregnancy); and to identify needs for future research. Potential articles published through December 31, 2013 were identified through a MEDLINE search of the terms "clinical trial," "nicotine patch," and "smoking cessation." Forty-two studies used all 3 terms and met the inclusion criteria. Approximately half of the studies reported that they considered sex in smoking cessation outcomes, with 15 studies finding no difference by sex and 7 studies finding better outcomes for men versus women. Only 5 studies reported data on outcomes by sex in their publications. No studies reported analysis of TNP compliance or withdrawal by sex. In the 1 study that examined side effects by sex, more women than men reported discontinuing TNP because of skin irritation. No study examined the association of cessation outcomes with menstrual cycle phase. There is a need to include sex in research on TNP, as well as other pharmacological and behavioral smoking treatments, to clarify the picture of treatment efficacy for women compared with men.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.