ArticleJournal of anatomy2014
On fragmenting, densely mineralised acellular protrusions into articular cartilage and their possible role in osteoarthritis.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- An anatomical investigation of alkaptonuria: Novel insights into ochronosis of cartilage and bone.Journal of anatomy · 2025Article
- Scanning Electron Microscopy and Bone.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Micro-computed tomography reveals high-density mineralised protrusions and microstructural lesions in equine stifle joint articular cartilage.Equine veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Structural clues to articular calcified cartilage function: A descriptive review of this crucial interface tissue.Journal of anatomy · 2022Review
- Sex, but not age and bone mass index positively impact on the development of osteochondral micro-defects and the accompanying cellular alterations during osteoarthritis progression.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2022Article
- Moving Beyond the Limits of Detection: The Past, the Present, and the Future of Diagnostic Imaging in Canine Osteoarthritis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- "Lessons from Rare Forms of Osteoarthritis".Calcified tissue international · 2021Review
- The Bone Cartilage Interface and Osteoarthritis.Calcified tissue international · 2021Review
- Development of an Effective Therapy for Alkaptonuria - Lessons for Osteoarthritis.Rheumatology and immunology research · 2021Review
- Macro, Micro, and Molecular. Changes of the Osteochondral Interface in Osteoarthritis Development.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- High-Density Mineralized Protrusions and Central Osteophytes: Associated Osteochondral Junction Abnormalities in Osteoarthritis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Histomorphometric case-control study of subarticular osteophytes in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2020Article
- Concentric lamellae - novel microanatomical structures in the articular calcified cartilage of mice.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- A role for interleukins in ochronosis in a chondrocyte in vitro model of alkaptonuria.Clinical rheumatology · 2016Article
- High density infill in cracks and protrusions from the articular calcified cartilage in osteoarthritis in standardbred horse carpal bones.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High density mineralised protrusions (HDMP) from the tidemark mineralising front into hyaline articular cartilage (HAC) were first described in Thoroughbred racehorse fetlock joints and later in Icelandic horse hock joints. We now report them in human material. Whole femoral heads removed at operation for joint replacement or from dissection room cadavers were imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dual echo steady state at 0.23 mm resolution, then 26-μm resolution high contrast X-ray microtomography, sectioned and embedded in polymethylmethacrylate, blocks cut and polished and re-imaged with 6-μm resolution X-ray microtomography. Tissue mineralisation density was imaged using backscattered electron SEM (BSE SEM) at 20 kV with uncoated samples. HAC histology was studied by BSE SEM after staining block faces with ammonium triiodide solution. HDMP arise via the extrusion of an unknown mineralisable matrix into clefts in HAC, a process of acellular dystrophic calcification. Their formation may be an extension of a crack self-healing mechanism found in bone and articular calcified cartilage. Mineral concentration exceeds that of articular calcified cartilage and is not uniform. It is probable that they have not been reported previously because they are removed by decalcification with standard protocols. Mineral phase morphology frequently shows the agglomeration of many fine particles into larger concretions. HDMP are surrounded by HAC, are brittle, and show fault lines within them. Dense fragments found within damaged HAC could make a significant contribution to joint destruction. At least larger HDMP can be detected with the best MRI imaging ex vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.